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Adjournment Motion: Types, Process for Notice, Restrictions, and Criteria

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An adjournment motion can be introduced in Lok Sabha to draw the attention of the Lok Sabha and the nation to a matter of urgent public importance. It can only be admitted if it has the support of 50 members. A debate will start on the adjournment motion if the Presiding Officer of the Lok Sabha, i.e., the Speaker, admits it. One must remember that Rajya Sabha does not have the power to introduce an adjourned motion. 

In this article, we will study all the aspects of this motion. It includes its types, process for introduction, restrictions on its introduction, and criteria. 

Adjournment Motion is an essential topic for UPSC IAS exams. They cover a significant part of the Polity in the General Studies Prelims syllabus and the General Studies Paper 2 Mains syllabus.

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What Is Adjournment Motion?

The purpose of the adjournment motion is to bring to the House’s notice a matter of urgent public importance. It may have some serious repercussions. A normal motion or a routine letter would be too late, and the matter requires immediate attention. The corresponding Lok Sabha suspends all its normal business. They start discussing the proposed matter as it impacts the whole country. It may have serious consequences for India’s integrity and security. 

It is important that the particular matter should be related to the duties of the Central Government. It can also be moved in case of failure on the part of the Central Government to do justice. The adjournment motion must contain details stating the failure on the part of the Union Government to perform its duties as per the provisions of the Constitution. Any matter related to the functioning of state government cannot be discussed. Events that may have national security repercussions or atrocities can be moved. This includes injustice against the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Castes. 

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Process for Notice of Adjournment 

The process of giving an adjournment notice is as follows: 

  • First, all copies of the adjournment motion should be submitted to the Parliamentary Notice Office. 
  • A particular member of Parliament can give only one notice per sitting. 
  • In case two members sign the particular adjournment notice, the signature of the first signatory will only be counted. 
  • A ballot will choose the priority order for all the notices received on the same subject. 
  • It is the duty of the MPs moving the adjournment motion that they need to produce the adjournment notice in writing to the presiding officer. 
  • No adjournment motion is allowed on the day of the Honourable President’s address. This is followed according to the parliamentary conventions. Any notice given on that day shall be counted as notice for the next immediate sitting. 
  • Every adjournment notice should have the support of at least 50 members. 
  • The Lok Sabha speaker has the right to read out the adjournment motion in the Lok Sabha. He can also allow the concerned Minister or member to present facts and arguments before giving or denying the approval for the notice. 

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Criteria for Introduction Of Adjournment Motion In Lok Sabha

Some necessary criteria for the introduction of adjournment motion in Parliament:

  • The minimum time duration for discussion on the adjournment motion in Parliament should be 2 hours and 30 minutes. This is given in the rules of conduct of business. 
  • A Member of Parliament can raise only one subject in one adjournment notice. 
  • The subject or matter on which an MP brings an adjournment motion in Parliament should be a recent one. 
  • Topics that are already under discussion or have been discussed in the same session cannot be raised.
  • All matters and subjects related to breach of privilege of the Lok Sabha cannot come under the purview of an adjournment motion. 
  • Matters under adjudication by courts or tribunals cannot be raised. 
  • A matter whose discussion can happen under any other motion does not fit the adjournment notice. 

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Types of Adjournment Motion

The different types of adjournment motions are as follows: 

  • Substantive motion: It is a self-described independent notice. It deals with matters of utmost importance. For instance, the impeachment of the President or Chief Election Commissioner. 
  • Substitute motion: As the name suggests, this motion functions as a substitute for the original motion. It serves as an alternative to the original motion. In case the Lok Sabha adopts this motion, it supersedes the original motion. 
  • Subsidiary motion: This type of motion cannot state the House’s decision without referring to the original notice. The subsidiary motion gets further subdivided into 3 categories. These are ancillary motion, superseding motion, and amendments. 

Restrictions on Adjournment Motions 

The restrictions on the issue of an adjournment motion are as follows: 

  • Matters which are factual, definite, and of urgent national importance are only allowed to be taken up in an adjournment motion. 
  • One motion should take up only one matter. 
  • The matter under discussion should be a recent one having an immediate threat to India and not a general matter. 
  • Questions related to breach of privilege do not come under an adjournment motion. 
  • Any matter under discussion in the same session cannot come under the adjournment notice in the same session. 
  • Sub-judice issues, i.e., matters which are before the courts, cannot be taken up for adjournment purposes. 
  • Matters which can come under any other motion cannot be taken up for adjournment discussions. 

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Conclusion

Adjournment motion is one of the most important devices used for parliamentary procedures. It allows the Houses to discuss matters of urgent national importance. This is done by bypassing normal procedures and routine business. As the name suggests, this motion allows the Lok Sabha to adjourn all other discussions and focus on the subject only. But, there is a distinct procedure that needs to be followed for issuing an adjournment notice. The MPs have to conform to the same, or else their request may not be accepted. 

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Adjournment Motion FAQs

Some of the other motions available in the Parliament are the no-confidence motion and the privilege motion.

As per the parliamentary conventions, discussions on adjournment motions are to start at 1600 hours. The minimum time duration for discussion under an adjournment motion is set at 2 hours and 30 minutes.

The different types of adjournment motions are substantive, subsidiary, and substitute motions.

A member of Lok Sabha can move an adjournment motion if he/she thinks that there is a matter of urgent national importance. It warrants discussion because of the failure on the part of the Union Government to perform its duties as per the Constitution.

No, Rajya Sabha does not have the power to introduce an adjournment motion. Only Lok Sabha has the power to issue and start a discussion on it.

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