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Home / IAS Preparation / Forest Survey of India

Forest Survey of India: Definition, Objectives, Functions of FSI, and Major Features of the ISFR-2021

Last Updated on Nov 19, 2024
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The Forest Survey of India is an organization under the MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change). It is the primary organization in India for the assessment of Forest and Tree Cover. It is headquartered in Dehradun (Uttarakhand). It releases Biennial assessment reports. These reports give a detailed explanation of changes in the Forests of India and an assessment of forest resources in the nation. 

Forest Survey of India is essential to the UPSC IAS exam syllabus. This topic comes under the Environment part of the Mains General Studies Paper 3 syllabus and General Studies Paper -1 of the UPSC Prelims syllabus.

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You can download Environment Notes for UPSC Exam here!

What is the Forest Survey of India?

The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is a premier national organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in India.It serves as the country's primary agency responsible for the regular assessment and monitoring of its forest resources. 

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History of Forest Survey of India

The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is a leading national organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, tasked with regularly assessing and monitoring the country's forest resources. Forest survey of India was established in June 1, 1981. FSI has expanded its role to include training, research, and extension services. It took over from the "Preinvestment Survey of Forest Resources" (PISFR), a project launched in 1965 by the Government of India with the support of  FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) and UNDP.

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Objectives of Forest Survey of India

The following are the main objectives or mandates of the Forest Survey of India (FSI):

Forest Reports

  • To prepare biennial Forest Survey reports. 
  • These reports should include the latest information about the state of forest resources in the country.
  • It should also highlight the changes that have occurred in these resources as compared to previous reports.

Inventory and Database

  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated to prepare an inventory of forest resources in Forest and non-forest areas of the country.
  • It should also create a database that contains information about these resources.

Mapping

  • Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated to prepare thematic maps of India through aerial photography and other latest technology.
  • These maps should be scaled by 1:50,000.

Nodal Agency

  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated as an apex agency that will collect, store, compile, process, and disseminate information about the forest resources in the country.

Training

  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated to train the officials in the field of conducting resource surveys using technologies such as GIS, remote sensing, etc.

Research and development

  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated to improve the Research and Development (R&D) ecosystem related to forest surveys.
  • It should also conduct studies and research based on applied techniques of forest surveys.

Support State Forest Departments

  • One of the main objectives of the Forest Survey of India (FSI) is to support Forest Departments of State and Union Territories in the matters of mapping, surveying, and inventory.
  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) should also conduct special or custom-designed studies, training courses, consultancies, etc., for forest departments of the States and Union Territories.
  • It can also support other organizations based on the requirements and demands of projects.

Read about the Environment Conventions and Protocols here!

Activities of Forest Survey of India

The primary activities of the organization are:

  • Assessment of Forest Cover
  • Inventory of Forest Areas
  • Inventory of Trees Outside Forests (Rural & Urban)
  • Data Processing for Inventory
  • Designing Methodologies
  • Training and Extension Services
  • Projects and Consultancies


 

The function of the Forest Survey of India

The following are the major functions of the Forest Survey of India (FSI):

  • Assessment of the Forest Cover of the country every two years.
  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) prepares an inventory of forest resources in Forest and non-forest areas of the country.
  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) performs data processing related to forest resource inventory.
  • Design methodologies regarding forest surveys and assessments.
  • Provides training to forest personnel regarding surveys by using the latest technologies. 
  • Extension of the information related to forest resources of India.
  • Offers support and consultancies to State Forest Departments (SFDs)
  • Supports other forest-related organizations in their projects.

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Key Highlights of India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021

The ISFR (India State of Forest Report) is a biennial report released by the FSI (Forest Survey of India). It utilizes advanced satellite-based remote sensing data to form the report. It was first released in 1987. To date, there have been 17 publications of the report, the latest being ISFR-2021 (17th). The following are the major highlights of the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021:

Major Findings of the Report

  • The total Forest Cover and Tree Cover of the country stands at 24.62% of the total geographical area of India. 
    • There is an overall increase of 2261 km square area of Forest and Tree Cover in 2021 as compared to 2019.
    • The Forest cover is increased by 1540 km square and Tree Cover by 721 km Square.
  • The top 3 States having a maximum increase in Forest Cover are Andhra Pradesh (647 km sq) > Telangana (632 km sq) > Odisha (537 km sq).
  • The top 5 states having the largest Forest Cover in terms of area are Madhya Pradesh > Arunachal Pradesh > Chhattisgarh > Odisha > Maharashtra.
  • The top 5 states having the largest Forest Cover as a percentage of the total area of the state are Mizoram (84.53%) > Arunachal Pradesh (79.33%) > Meghalaya (76.0%) > Manipur (74.34%) > Nagaland (73.9%).
  • 17 States and Union Territories of India have more than 33% of their area under Forest Cover.
  • 5 States and UTs have more than 75% of their area under Forest Cover. These are namely Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Andaman and the Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya.
  • The total Mangrove Cover area of India stood at 4992 sq km. 
    • There was an increase of 17 sq km of Mangrove Cover in the country in comparison to the 2019 assessment.
    • The largest increase in the Mangrove Cover is recorded in Odisha (8 sq km) > Maharashtra (4 sq km) > Karnataka (3 sq km).
  • The total Carbon Stock of India in forests stood at 7204 million tonnes. 
    • In comparison to the 2019 data, there was a 79.4 million tonnes increase in the Carbon Stock of India. 

Read the full article India State of Forest Report 2021 here in detail

Some Special Features of the 2021 Report

  • A new chapter related to the decadal assessment of the forest cover in Tiger and Lion conservation areas and corridors is introduced in the 2021 report.
  • A chapter on ‘Above Ground Biomass’ has been introduced in the report. For this, the FSI has collaborated with the SAC (Space Application Centre) of ISRO at Ahemadabad. 
  • The report contains results from a study conducted by the FSI in collaboration with BITS (Birla Institue of Technology and Science) Pilani on ‘Mapping of the Climate Change Hotspots in Indian Forests’.
  • Special thematic data related to Forest Cover on hills, Tribal districts, northeastern areas, etc., are also included in the report.

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Conclusion

The Forest Survey of India (FSI) plays an important role in monitoring and managing the vast forest resources of India. It ensures sustainable use of forest resources and their conservation. It helps in the development of forest related policies and programmes and to execute action plans regarding the same.

Few challenges like inaccurate forest data, climate change and forest degradation need to be looked upon. Addressing these challenges require a collaborative approach between the Forest Survey of India and various Government agencies. To promote sustainable forest management and conservation in the country.

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Forest Survey of India FAQs

The Forest Cover is defined as all the land having an area of more than 1 hectare and tree canopy density of more than 10%, irrespective of its use, ownership and legal status.

Satellites help in mapping the forest areas. They detect signals based on the type of land cover. They help us to detect the changes in these areas and also separate forest and tree cover from other lands such as cropland or urban areas.

The India State of Forest Reports (ISFR) is a biennial report released by the Forest Survey of India (FSI ). It was first released in 1987. To date, there have been 17 publications of the report, the latest being the ISFR-2021 (17th).

The main objective of forest surveying is to assess the latest data on forest cover, record the changes in it, and prepare a biennial report on these.

The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) conducted by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) is presented every two years i.e. biennially.
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