Human Diseases MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human Diseases - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Thyroid gland .

Key Points

• Goiter:-
  • It can be caused by a variety of factors, including iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation.
  • Goiters can be harmless, but in some cases they can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, and they may also be associated with thyroid hormone problems.
  • Goiter is a disease of the thyroid gland.
• ​Thyroid Gland:-​​
  •  ​The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck just below the Adam's apple.
  • It produces hormones that control many bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and mood. 

Additional Information

• ​Pituitary gland:-
  • It is a small, pea-shaped gland located at the base of the brain.
  • It is often called the "master gland" because it produces hormones that regulate many other glands and bodily functions.
• Pancreas:-
  • It is a long, flat gland located behind the stomach.
  • It has two main functions: to produce digestive enzymes and to produce hormones.
• Adrenal Glands:-
  • These are two small glands located above the kidneys.
  • They produce hormones that help the body to respond to stress and to regulate blood sugar levels.

The correct answer is the HIV/AIDS

Key Points

• Unfortunately, we're not going to have a vaccine by 2030, but there's a lot of funding still around HIV vaccine research.
• The excitement has dimmed a bit because of the failures, but there's still a lot of research into trying to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine.
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
• Following initial infection, an individual may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.
• Typically, this is followed by a prolonged incubation period with no symptoms.
• If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are rare in people who have a normal immune function.
• These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss.

Additional Information

Key Points 

Coliform is a group of bacteria, found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.

• Coliform bacteria make up a large group of bacteria that are found in soils, plants, and in surface water.
• Coliform bacteria, such as fecal coliform, live in the intestines of humans.
• Their presence in a water supply suggests possible pollution with disease-causing organisms.
• The Total Coliform Bacteria test is used as an indicator of the bacterial safety of your drinking water.

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The correct answer is Blood transfusion.

Key Points

• Hepatitis B:
  • It is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • The virus is known to interfere with the functions of the liver and causes pathological damage.
  • It can be both acute or chronic disease.
  • HBV is spread by contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person.
  • Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected.

Additional Information 

The correct answer Covid - 19 Delta Variant.

Key Points

• Covid - 19 Delta Variant is the official name of the Indian variant of Covid-19 virus discovered in October 2020.
• The World Health Organisation (WHO) settled on letters of the Greek alphabet to refer to the variants discovered in different parts of the world since the beginning of the pandemic.
• For B.1.617.2, the Covid-19 variant first discovered in India in October 2020, the WHO has assigned the name 'Delta'.

Additional Information

The correct answer is itai-itai.

Key Points

• Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialization. 
• It was first recognized in Japan in the 1960s.
• Itai-itai disease is characterized by osteomalacia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction.
• This disease was recognized as the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
• Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic heavy metal.
• It is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant classified as a human carcinogen.
• It is used in the manufacturing of NiCd rechargeable batteries.

Additional Information

Option 1 is correct, i.e. Typhoid fever.

• Typhoid fever: 
  • It can be diagnosed with the Widal test. 
  • Widal test is named after Georges-Fernand Widal (inventor). 
  • The test detects agglutinating antibodies against the O and H antigens of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria.

Extra facts: 

• To diagnose Tuberculosis, a blood test is sufficient to find the bacteria.
• AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
• The study of Cancer is Oncology.

The correct answer is Female Aedes mosquito.

Key Points

• Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes.
  • Its symptoms are nausea, vomiting, aches and pains, and rash. While vomiting blood, and bleeding from the nose or gums are symptoms of severe dengue.
  • It can be prevented by cleanliness and preventing oneself mosquito bites.
  • It can be cured by taking paracetamol and drinking fluids.
  • Note: Mosquitoes also cause chikungunya, malaria, Zika virus, West Nile virus, etc.
  • Thus, dengue is caused by Aedes mosquito.

Additional Information

• Malaria is transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
  • Female mosquitoes take blood meals for egg production, and these blood meals are the link between the human and the mosquito hosts in the parasite life cycle.

The correct answer is Stress.

Key Points

• Stress is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.
• This disease can be overcome by controlling the following factors, which reduce your risk.
• These include the following -
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • High cholesterol
  • High blood pressure
  • Obesity, and
  • Lack of exercise (the so-so-leisure lifestyle)
  • Certain types of radiation therapy to the chest
  • Stress
  • High LDL "bad" cholesterol and low HDL "good" cholesterol.

Additional Information

• ​Coronary heart disease (CHD) -
  • It is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries).

The correct answer is The cornea is not spherical in shape.

Key Points

• Astigmatism
  • It is the defect that causes blurred vision because of the irregular shape of the eye lens.
  • A person suffering from astigmatism has blurred, distorted or fuzzy vision, as the light rays are focused on two or more points on the retina.
  • Symptoms:
    • A person with astigmatism complains of a headache or eye strain and blurred vision. Treatment
  • Astigmatism is corrected by the use of a cylindrical lens in the spectacles.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Kala-azar.

Key Points

• Kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, is a protozoan disease caused by the parasitic protozoans of the Leishmania genus.
• The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Phlebotomine sandflies.
• The symptoms can range from fever, weight loss, and fatigue to swelling of the spleen and liver, and if left untreated, it can be life-threatening.

Additional Information

• Influenza:
  • Influenza, or flu, is caused by the influenza virus.
  • Symptoms may include a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.
  • These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and last less than a week.
• Cholera:
  • Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. 
  • Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe, including poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and low blood pressure.
• Typhoid:
  • Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
  • It is characterized by symptoms like high fever, weakness, stomach pains, loss of appetite, and rash.
  • Cholera, is a bacterial one.

The correct answer Covid - 19 Delta Variant.

Key Points

• Covid - 19 Delta Variant is the official name of the Indian variant of Covid-19 virus discovered in October 2020.
• The World Health Organisation (WHO) settled on letters of the Greek alphabet to refer to the variants discovered in different parts of the world since the beginning of the pandemic.
• For B.1.617.2, the Covid-19 variant first discovered in India in October 2020, the WHO has assigned the name 'Delta'.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Blood transfusion.

Key Points

• Hepatitis B:
  • It is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • The virus is known to interfere with the functions of the liver and causes pathological damage.
  • It can be both acute or chronic disease.
  • HBV is spread by contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person.
  • Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected.

Additional Information 

Key Points 

Coliform is a group of bacteria, found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.

• Coliform bacteria make up a large group of bacteria that are found in soils, plants, and in surface water.
• Coliform bacteria, such as fecal coliform, live in the intestines of humans.
• Their presence in a water supply suggests possible pollution with disease-causing organisms.
• The Total Coliform Bacteria test is used as an indicator of the bacterial safety of your drinking water.

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The correct answer is Lungs.Key Points

• Emphysema is a lung disease that causes shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.
• Cadmium pollution is one of the causes of Emphysema.
• Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the lungs and cause damage to the air sacs.
• The primary organs affected by Emphysema are the lungs, as it causes damage to the air sacs and makes it difficult for the person to breathe.

Additional Information

• Emphysema cannot be cured, however treatment can help:
  • control the symptoms to avoid problems and
  • slow the condition's progression
  • enhance a person's general health and welfare
• Oxygen therapy and assistance in stopping smoking are examples of supportive therapy.