A researcher uses data of an earlier research paper and publishes a new research paper, this is __________

Research ethics are the guidelines that a researcher should follow while conducting research. Research ethics helps and educates researchers to follow ethical standards. The following are some research ethics that a researcher should follow:

1. Honesty: The researcher should collect the data honestly with proper methods, procedures. He/she should not falsify, fabricate or misrepresent the data.
2. Respect the Intellectual property: A researcher should respect the copyrights, patents, or any other intellectual property rights, he/she should not use unpublished data without permission.
3. Publish the data responsibly: A researcher should never copy the data and use it as his own in any research publication. The researcher cannot use any research paper and publish the same as a new research paper, it may lead to plagiarism which is unethical in research.

Additional Information
A researcher should also follow the following research ethics while doing research:

• He/she should share the ideas, results, data, and resources used by him during his research.
• He/she should protect confidential communications like grants, papers, and other records submitted for publication.

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.