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An electric dipole with dipole moment 5 × 10-6 C·m is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 4 × 105 N/C. The dipole is then rotated through an angle of 60° with respect to the electric field. What is the change in the potential energy of the dipole?

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  1. 0.8 J
  2. 1.0 J
  3. 1.2 J
  4. 1.5 J

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 1.0 J
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Detailed Solution

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Correct option is: (2) 1.0 J

Given:

p = 5 × 10-6 C·m

E = 4 × 105 N/C

θi = 0°,   θf = 60°

ΔU = Uf - Ui

= -pE cos θf - ( -pE cos θi )

= pE (cos θi - cos θf)

= 5 × 10-6 × 4 × 105 × (1 - 1/2) = 1 J
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