Battery charging and solar water pumping are the two main applications of

Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems:  

• Stand-alone PV systems are used in areas that are not easily accessible or have no access to an electric grid.
• A stand-alone system is independent of the electricity grid, with the energy produced normally being stored in batteries.
• A typical stand-alone system would consist of a PV module or modules, batteries, and a charge controller.
• An inverter may also be included in the system to convert the direct current generated by the PV modules to the alternating current form required by normal appliances.

Applications of Stand-alone PV systems:

• In urban or remote areas, PV can power stand-alone devices, tools, and meters.
• PV can meet the need for electricity for parking meters, temporary traffic signs, emergency phones, radio transmitters, water irrigation pumps, stream-flow gauges, remote guard posts, lighting for roadways, and Battery charging.
• They generally include solar charging modules, storage batteries, and controls or regulators.