Consider the following statements and choose the incorrect one:-

1. The nature of reactive power compensation is different for peak load and off-peak load conditions

2. Ferranti effect is significant only on medium and long lines

3. Equivalent-T circuit of a long line is preffered to equivalent-π circuit

The Correct Answer is option '4'

Explanation:

• For the short transmission line of length less than 100 km, we generally consider the line parameters of the line as lumped to simplify the calculations.
• For lines, more than 100 km long, charging currents due to shunt admittance cannot be neglected.
• For lines in a range of 100 km to 250 km in length, it is sufficiently accurate to lump all the line admittance at the receiving end.
• For lines over 250 km, the fact that the parameters of a line are not lumped but distributed uniformly throughout its length must be considered.
• The exact equivalent circuit of a transmission line can be established in the form of a T- or π - network.
• But equivalent - π (or nominal π) is easily adopted to load flow studies and is, therefore, universally employed.
• The results obtained by the nominal - π and the approximation are practically the same and are very close to those obtained by exact calculation. 
• Therefore, for a line of the length >250 km, it is sufficiently accurate to use nominal - π which will result in considerable saving in computational effort.