Error in Latitude is difference between 

Adjustment of traversing:

1. Arbitrary Method: Measurements are adjusted by a surveyor on his experience based.

2. Bowditch Method: It is done when both linear and angular measurements with high accuracy. According to Bowditch rule, error in linear measurement are directly proportional to square root of length of line and error in angular measurement are inversely proportional to the square root of length of line.

\(\begin{array}{l} {\rm{Correction}} = {\rm{\;total\;error\;in\;latitude\;or\;departure}} \times \;\frac{{length\;of\;that\;side\;}}{{perimeter\;of\;traverse}}\\ \end{array}\)

Total error in latitude = Σ N -  Σ S and

Total error in departure =  Σ E -  Σ W 

3. Graphical Method: It is based on bowditch rule. It generally used in compass traversing.

4. Transit Method: It is done when angular measurement is more accurate than linear measurement in traversing.In this method only linear measurement affected.

5. Axis Method: In this method, correction is applied only in length. It is done when angular measurement is more precise.