Fluoride pollution mainly affects -

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UTET 2021 Paper 1 (Hindi-English-Sanskrit)
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  1. Teeth
  2. Heart
  3. Kidney
  4. Brain

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Teeth
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Detailed Solution

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Concept:

  • The addition of unwanted substances in a concentration that has an adverse effect on organisms and the environment, is called pollution.
  • The agents that pollute the environment or cause pollution are called pollutants.
  • Depending upon the area or the part of the environment affected, pollution may be of the following types :
    • Air pollution
    • Water pollution
    • Land pollution
    • Noise pollution
  • Pollutants can be degradable, like discarded vegetables which are rapidly broken down by natural processes.
  • Pollutants that are slowly degradable, remain in the environment unchanged for many decades.
    • For example, substances such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), plastic materials, heavy metals, chemicals, nuclear wastes, etc.
  • Pollutants originate from a source and get transported by air or water or are dumped into the soil by human beings.
  • Fluoride, dust, lead, sodium chloride, etc are some examples of particulate pollutants.

Explanation:

  • Aluminium, steel and electrochemical plants, blast furnaces, brick kilns, coal combustion, tile, and glass etching factories add fluoride particles that settle on vegetation.
  • Upon heating rocks, soils and minerals that contain fluorides, give out hydrogen fluoride gas.
  • They burn tips of leaves and when cattle eat the vegetation they suffer from fluorosis resulting in loss of teeth, weight, and lameness.
  • Humans also suffer from fluorosis which leads to the loss of teeth.
  • Volcanoes also release fluorides which form gaseous as well as particulate pollutants.

Thus, Fluoride pollution mainly affects teeth.

Additional Information

  • At the domestic level, the burning of wood and dung cakes can be replaced by use of cleaner fuel and biogas.
  • Automobile pollution can be reduced by :
    • pooling of transport or use of public transport.
    • use of unleaded petrol and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas).
    • regular tuning and servicing of the engines, and
    • switching off the engine at red lights or when not in use.
  • The following measures can reduce industrial pollution:
    • installation of tall chimneys,
    • installation of devices that do not allow pollutants to be released in the environment, such as filters, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers etc.,
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