In medieval India .............. industry employed the largest number of people after agriculture.

The correct answer is - Textile

Key Points

• Textile Industry
  • In medieval India, the textile industry emerged as the second largest employer after agriculture, highlighting its significance in the economy.
  • India was globally renowned for its handwoven textiles, such as muslin, silk, and cotton fabrics, which were highly sought after in foreign markets.
  • The industry was labor-intensive, employing a vast number of artisans, weavers, and dyers spread across the country, particularly in regions like Bengal, Gujarat, and the Deccan.
  • Textile production played a key role in supporting rural livelihoods, complementing the agrarian economy.

Additional Information

• Global Trade and Textiles
  • Indian textiles were a major export commodity, traded through the Silk Road and maritime routes to regions like the Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
  • Fabrics like Muslin (from Bengal) and Chintz (painted or printed calicos) were especially prized in European markets.
• Key Centers of Textile Production
  • Bengal: Known for its fine muslin and silk.
  • Gujarat: Famous for dyed and printed textiles like bandhani and patola.
  • South India: Renowned for cotton textiles and silk production, especially in regions like Kanchipuram.
• Decline of the Textile Industry
  • During the colonial period, the Indian textile industry faced decline due to competition from machine-made British textiles.
  • Policies imposed by the British, such as high tariffs on Indian goods, further disrupted the industry.