In water molecule oxygen is

  1. sp-hybridized
  2. sp2-hybridized
  3. sp3-hybridized
  4. Not hybridized
  5. None of the above/ More than one of the above.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : sp3-hybridized
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is sp3-hybridized.

Key Points

  • Hybridization: 
    • Hybridization is the process of combining two atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbital in a molecule.
    • sp Hybridisation:
      • When one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals.
    • spHybridisation:
      • When one ‘s’ orbital and two ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix to form 3 equivalent orbitals.
    • sp3 Hybridisation:
      • When one ‘s’ orbital and three ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix together to form four new equivalent orbital

EXPLANATION:

  • Oxygen has six valence electrons: Two hydrogens will make 2 sigma bonds and the rest 4 electrons will go in lone pairs. Hence effectively, there are 4 bonds, which gives hybridization as sp3. Therefore option 3 is correct.

sp3

 

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