Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,

List-1 (Name of the instrument)

List-2 (Purpose)

a. Current meter

1. Control silt entry into the canal

b. Echo sounder

2. Control water levels and flow rates in the canal

c. Head regulator

3. Depth of flow

d. Sluice gate

4. Velocity of flow of water

Explanation:

Current Meter

• Used to measure the velocity of flowing water in open channels, rivers, streams, and pipes.

• It typically consists of a rotating element (propeller or cups) that spins as water flows past; the speed of rotation correlates with the velocity.

• Data collected with current meters helps in calculating discharge and understanding flow patterns, which are critical for hydraulic analysis and design.

Additional Information Echo Sounder

• A depth-measuring instrument that operates on the principle of sonar.

• It emits sound waves downward into the water; the time it takes for the sound to bounce back is measured and converted into depth.

• Used extensively in hydrographic surveys, riverbed studies, and reservoir monitoring to determine water depth and underwater profiles.

Head Regulator

• A hydraulic structure located at the head of a canal, where it controls the flow of water from the main water body (like a river or reservoir) into the canal system.

• Designed to regulate water quantity entering the canal and also prevent excess silt from entering, thus maintaining water quality and reducing sedimentation issues.

• Essential for effective management of irrigation systems.

Sluice Gate

• A mechanical gate that controls water levels and flow rates in canals, dams, and waterways.

• Operates by raising or lowering to adjust the opening through which water passes, thus managing flow and maintaining desired water levels.

• Widely used for irrigation, flood control, and water regulation in civil engineering structures.