Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,

List-1 (Description)	List-2 (Purpose details or functions)
a. Estimation	1. Setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving the project objectives.
b. Planning	2. The science of calculating the different load requirements, so that proposed structure can withstand worst-case scenarios.
c. Quality control	3. To ascertain the probable cost of a proposed project.
d. Designing	4. Testing units and determining whether the materials are within the specifications for the final product.

Explanation:

Estimation

• Involves calculating the probable cost of a proposed project before actual work begins.

• It covers all aspects like material costs, labor charges, equipment, overheads, and contingencies.

• A good estimate helps in budgeting, financing, and decision-making for both client and contractor.

Planning

• The process of setting project objectives and determining the steps, timelines, and resources needed to achieve those objectives.

• Includes scheduling activities, managing resources, and anticipating risks to ensure timely project delivery.

• Forms the backbone of project management and control.

Additional Information Quality Control

• Involves testing materials, processes, and end-products to ensure they meet specified quality standards.

• Helps detect defects early and ensures compliance with design specifications and safety regulations.

• Essential for maintaining performance and reliability of the structure.

Designing

• The scientific process of calculating load requirements, selecting materials, and defining structural systems so the finished structure can withstand all service and extreme loads.

• Involves creating detailed drawings, specifications, and analysis reports.

• Ensures safety, functionality, and economy in structural systems.