The Moderate leaders demanded simultaneous ICS examinations in __________________. 

The correct answer is India and England.

Key Points

• The Moderates were leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC) in its early years, known for their constitutional and reformist approach.
• They demanded simultaneous Indian Civil Service (ICS) examinations in both India and England.
• The ICS was the most prestigious administrative service under the British rule, and its examination was primarily held in England, which created a disadvantage for Indians due to challenges such as accessibility, cost, and cultural differences.
• Simultaneous exams in India would allow more Indians to compete for the ICS, thus ensuring greater representation of Indians in administration.
• This demand was part of the broader agenda of the Moderates to achieve gradual reforms and ensure the involvement of Indians in governance.
• Notable Moderate leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee raised this issue in their efforts to promote self-governance.
• The demand for simultaneous ICS examinations was later accepted in 1922, marking a significant achievement for Indian aspirations in the colonial period.

 Additional Information

• India and Canada
  • There was no historical demand for simultaneous ICS exams in India and Canada.
  • Canada was a self-governing dominion under the British Empire and had its own administrative systems, separate from British India.
• India and Australia
  • Australia, similar to Canada, was another dominion of the British Empire with a separate administrative framework.
  • No significant connection or historical demand ties Australia to the ICS examinations.
• India and United States of America
  • The United States of America was not a part of the British Empire and had no role in British administrative services.
  • Thus, the idea of simultaneous ICS exams in the USA is historically irrelevant.