Which among the following Indian cities has NOT figured in the list of world’s 20 most polluted cities in terms of particulate matter PM2.5 levels?  

The correct answer is Chandigarh.

Key Points

• Chandigarh has NOT been listed among the world's 20 most polluted cities in terms of PM2.5 particulate matter levels as per global air quality studies.
• PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, which is linked to serious health risks.
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and IQAir reports, cities like Patna, Agra, and Gurgaon have been identified as highly polluted in terms of PM2.5 levels.
• Chandigarh, known for its planned urban design and greenery, generally fares better in air quality compared to other major Indian cities.
• Efforts to maintain sustainable urban development and cleaner air contribute to Chandigarh’s relatively lower pollution levels.

Additional Information

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5):
  • PM2.5 particles are tiny and can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, causing respiratory and cardiovascular problems.
  • Sources of PM2.5 include vehicle emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and burning of fossil fuels.
• Air Pollution and Health:
  • Exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to asthma, bronchitis, heart diseases, and reduced life expectancy.
  • Children and the elderly are especially vulnerable to air pollution effects.
• Global Air Quality Reports:
  • Organizations like IQAir and WHO release annual reports ranking cities based on air pollution levels.
  • India often features prominently in these rankings due to industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, and agricultural burning.
• Steps to Reduce Pollution:
  • Promoting renewable energy, public transport, and afforestation can help mitigate air pollution.
  • Government initiatives like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aim to improve air quality in Indian cities.