Question
Download Solution PDFComprehension
Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
In recent years, cell biology has made significant progress in understanding the roles of various cells in the human body. One of the most intriguing discoveries is related to a specific type of cell found predominantly in females. This cell, known as the follicular cell, plays a critical role in the reproductive system. Follicular cells surround and nourish the developing oocyte, providing the necessary signals and nutrients for its growth. As a result, these cells are essential for (A) _________ fertility.
Scientists are also exploring the potential of follicular cells in vaccine development. Given their unique properties, researchers believe that these cells can be (B) _________ to produce specific immune responses. This approach could lead to the creation of more efficient and targeted vaccines.
Recent studies have shown that follicular cells can be engineered to express (C) _________ that are part of a pathogen, thereby training the immune system to recognise and combat the real pathogen more effectively. This method is (D) _________ from traditional vaccine development techniques, which often rely on weakened or inactivated forms of the virus.
One of the primary challenges in this area of research is ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the engineered cells. Scientists are employing advanced techniques, such as CRISPR, to (E) _________ the genetic modifications precisely. The success of these modifications is crucial for the cells to function as intended without causing unintended side effects.
Moreover, the regulatory aspects of utilising genetically modified cells in humans present another layer of complexity. Scientists must ensure that their research complies with (F) _________ guidelines and ethical standards to gain approval from regulatory bodies.
Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (C)?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDF- The sentence discusses how follicular cells can be engineered to express certain biological elements to train the immune system.
- To prepare the immune system against a pathogen, the engineered cells must express components that can be recognised by the immune system as foreign.
- “Antigens” are molecules, often proteins, present on the surface of pathogens that trigger an immune response, making it the most appropriate term in the context of vaccine development.
- Other options like “hormones”, “lipids”, “enzymes”, and “antibodies” do not serve the function of training the immune system to recognise pathogens.
Scientists are also exploring the potential of follicular cells in vaccine development. Given their unique properties, researchers believe that these cells can be stimulated to produce specific immune responses. This approach could lead to the creation of more efficient and targeted vaccines.
Recent studies have shown that follicular cells can be engineered to express antigens that are part of a pathogen, thereby training the immune system to recognise and combat the real pathogen more effectively. This method is (D) _________ from traditional vaccine development techniques, which often rely on weakened or inactivated forms of the virus.
One of the primary challenges in this area of research is ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the engineered cells. Scientists are employing advanced techniques, such as CRISPR, to (E) _________ the genetic modifications precisely. The success of these modifications is crucial for the cells to function as intended without causing unintended side effects.
Moreover, the regulatory aspects of utilising genetically modified cells in humans present another layer of complexity. Scientists must ensure that their research complies with (F) _________ guidelines and ethical standards to gain approval from regulatory bodies.
- Hormones (हार्मोन): Chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes but are not used to trigger immune responses to pathogens.
- Lipids (वसा): Fat molecules that form cell membranes but are not commonly used to train immune responses.
- Enzymes (एंजाइम): Catalysts for biochemical reactions, not typically recognised as foreign by the immune system.
- Antibodies (प्रतिरक्षी): Produced by the immune system in response to antigens, not introduced to initiate a response.
Last updated on Jul 3, 2025
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