Which of the following pramanas are accepted by Vaisheshika philosophy?

A. Pratyaksa

B. Anumana

C. Sabda

D. Upamana

E. Arhapatti

F. Anupalabdhi

Choose the correct answer from the options given beow:

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Official Paper 1: Held on 24 Sep 2020 Shift 1
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  1. A and B only
  2. C and D only
  3. E and F only
  4. C and E only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : A and B only
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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 21st August 2024 Shift 1
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Detailed Solution

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 Pratyaksa and  Anumana pramanas are accepted by Vaisheshika philosophy.

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Vaisheshika philosophy:

  • It is one of the six schools of Indian philosophy
  • Kanada Kashyapa was the founder of this school
  • The word “Vaisesika” is derived from “Vishesa,” which means “distinction,” or “distinguishing feature,” or “particularity.”
  • Vaishesika is a system of pluralistic realism
  • It is a system of physics and metaphysics and classifies all objects of experience into six categories
    • ​Dravya
    • Guna
    • Karma
    • Samanya
    • Visesa
    • Samavaya
  • The Vaisesika school admits the reality of spiritual substances, the soul and God, and also the law of Karma
  • It is not materialism but it is atomism
  • It is independent and has its own logic, epistemology, metaphysics, stereology, and ethics
  • Among six pramanas of Hinduism, Vaisheshika philosophy only accepts pratyaksa and anumana.

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  • Pratyaksa means the perception both internal and external. It acquires through sensory organs and the mind.
  •  Anumana means inference, which accepts the truth based on the observation and previous truths.

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  • Pramanas: Pramanas are proofs or 'means of knowledge'.
  • It is the theory of knowledge and encompasses valid and reliable means of knowledge.
  • the sis pramanas are 
    • Pratyaksa
    • Anumana
    • Sabda
    • Upamana
    • Arhapatti
    • Anupalabdhi
  • In different schools of philosophy, they accept different means of knowledge or different pramanas.
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