Which one of the following pairs does not form part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy?

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UPSC Civil Services (Prelims) Exam GS Official Paper-I (Held On: 24 Aug 2014)
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  1. Mimamsa and Vedanta
  2. Nyaya and Vaisheshika
  3. Lokayata and Kapalika
  4. Sankhya and Yoga

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Lokayata and Kapalika
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The correct answer is Lokayata and Kapalika.

Important Points

  • There are six major systems of Hindu Philosophy. 
School Founder Detail
Nyaya Akshapada Gautama Rishi
  • It is a school that deals with logic and epistemology.
  • The teaching of Nyaya states that the suffering of human existence is caused by the cycle of death and rebirth.
  • It enlists four valid (Pramana) and four invalid means of gaining knowledge.
Vaisheshika Kannada Rishi
  • This school acknowledges the existence of God or of the supreme soul.
  • The focus on the teachings of this system is on the realisation of the true nature of the Soul as different from all creation.
Samkhya Kapila Acharya
  • It explores the understanding of the creator and the creation.
  • There are two external realities: soul and nature.
Ashtanga Yoga Rishi Patanjali
  • The eight-limbs of Yoga sutras highlight how to connect with the greater cosmic essence and enhance spirituality.
  • These eight-limbs include-
    • Yama (moral conduct)
    • Niyama (Disciple)
    •  Asana (right posture)
    • Pranayama (effective breathing)
    • Pratyahara (withdrawing the senses)
    •  Dharana (to concentrate on one object)
    • Dhyana (meditation)
    • Samadhi (supreme bliss/ salvation)
Purva Mimamsa Rishi Jaimini
  • It provides details on why it is important to conduct Vedic rituals for a person to attain the last ultimate goal of life which is Moksha.
Vedanta

The philosophical school was grounded by VED-VYAS.

  • Advaita Vedanta by Shankaracharya
  • Vishista Advaita by Ramanujacharya
  •  Dvaita Vedanta by Madhavacharya
  • Dvaitadvaita Vedanta by Nimbaraka
  • Shuddha Advaita Vedanta by Vallabhacharya.
  • It is the last of the four forms of Vedas. Brahmanas, Samhitas, and Aranyakas are the others.
  • Vedanta means the end, completion or perfection of knowledge.
  • The VEDANTA school is divided into three parts according to how they regard the relationship between God and the Universe.
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