Who developed the electromagnetic theory?

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  1. Galileo Galilei
  2. Isaac Newton
  3. James Clerk Maxwell
  4. Albert Einstein

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : James Clerk Maxwell

Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is James Clerk Maxwell.

Key Points

  • James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who formulated the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation.
  • His set of equations, known as Maxwell's equations, describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.
  • Maxwell's work unified the previously separate fields of electricity and magnetism into a single theory of electromagnetism.
  • His contributions laid the foundation for many modern technologies, including radio, television, and radar.

Additional Information

  • Electromagnetic Theory:
    • Electromagnetic theory deals with the study of electric and magnetic fields, their interactions, and their effects on physical objects.
    • It is based on Maxwell's equations, which are a set of four partial differential equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.
    • The theory explains how electric charges produce electric fields, how electric currents produce magnetic fields, and how changing magnetic fields can induce electric currents.
    • Electromagnetic waves, which include light, radio waves, and X-rays, are solutions to Maxwell's equations and propagate through space at the speed of light.
  • Maxwell's Equations:
    • Maxwell's equations consist of four fundamental laws:
      • Gauss's Law for Electricity: It states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed within the surface.
      • Gauss's Law for Magnetism: It states that there are no magnetic monopoles; the magnetic flux through a closed surface is always zero.
      • Faraday's Law of Induction: It states that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field.
      • Ampère's Law (with Maxwell's addition): It states that magnetic fields are generated by electric currents and by changing electric fields.
    • These equations are fundamental to understanding classical electromagnetism and have numerous applications in physics and engineering.
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