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Home / Physics / Cyclone and Thunderstorm - Causes & Effects | Testbook

Cyclone and Thunderstorm - Causes & Effects | Testbook

Last Updated on Jan 22, 2025
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Air, an invisible entity, becomes a force to reckon with during a storm. The wind, or "moving air", is driven by the differences in air pressure within our atmosphere. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the air flows. This force can cause severe damage, uprooting trees, knocking down power lines, and even tearing roofs off buildings.

However, wind also plays a vital role in our survival. It facilitates the movement of monsoon clouds, bringing rain to regions far from water bodies. It aids in the process of pollination and soil erosion. It also ensures the availability of CO 2 for photosynthesis by creating turbulence and increasing transpiration. However, its destructive side is evident in the form of strong winds causing forest fires and uprooting trees. Let's explore the devastating effects of cyclones and their causes in this section.

Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are powerful storms, several kilometres in diameter, formed by the rapid upward movement of warm and moist air. This results in the formation of a dense vertical cloud tower. Thunderstorms bring with them strong winds, hail, lightning, tornadoes, thunder, and heavy rain.

What Triggers Thunderstorms?

Thunderstorms are caused by the vertical lift of air carrying water droplets into the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth's surface. As a result, the air condenses and latent heat is released due to the expansion resulting from a decrease in pressure as the altitude increases. These condensed droplets freeze and fall back to the ground as hail, accompanied by lightning.

Cyclones

A cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a low-pressure centre. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiralling winds that rotate clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Cyclone

The Birth of a Cyclone

Cyclones originate from low atmospheric pressure areas, typically over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm moist air over the ocean rises, creating a low-pressure area on the surface. The surrounding air, with higher pressure, rushes into this low-pressure zone. This cool air then warms up, becoming moist and rising, continuing the cycle. As the warm air rises, the moisture in the air cools down, forming a cloud. Over time, the system grows and picks up speed. An eye forms in the centre, which is the low-pressure centre into which the high-pressure air flows from above, creating a cyclone.

To learn more about cyclones and their causes and effects, explore further.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Thunderstorms are caused by the rapid lifting of moist and warm air, leading to the formation of a dense vertical tower of clouds. The air carrying water droplets is lifted vertically into the atmosphere due to unequal warming of the Earth's surface. As a result, the air condenses and latent heat is released with the expansion resulting from a decrease in pressure.

Cyclones are caused by low atmospheric pressure, usually over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm moist air over the ocean rises, creating a low-pressure zone. Air from the surrounding region with higher pressure moves into the low-pressure area. As the warm air rises, the moisture in the air cools, leading to the formation of clouds. Over time, the system grows and speeds up, creating an 'eye' in the centre, which is the low-pressure centre into which the high-pressure air flows from above, thus creating a cyclone.
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