Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

The Correct Answer is Libya.

Key Points

• Location of the Record: The highest temperature ever recorded in the world was in Libya. Specifically, this record was set in the town of Al 'Aziziyah, which is located northwest of the Libyan capital, Tripoli.
• Date of the Record: The record-setting temperature was measured on September 13, 1922.
• Measured Temperature: The temperature reached an astonishing 58 degrees Celsius (136.4 degrees Fahrenheit). This extreme temperature set the world record for the highest recorded temperature on Earth.
• Verification and Controversy: The temperature record in Libya has been subject to scrutiny and debate. For many years, meteorologists and climate scientists have examined the accuracy of this record due to potential issues with the measuring equipment and the method used at the time. Despite this, it remained the official highest temperature recorded for nearly 90 years.
• Subsequent Developments: In 2012, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) conducted an investigation and decided to invalidate the Libyan record due to several concerns, including problematic instrumentation and an inexperienced observer. This led to the recognition of Death Valley, California, USA, as having the highest recorded temperature of 56.7 degrees Celsius (134 degrees Fahrenheit) on July 10, 1913. However, the Libyan record remains a significant part of meteorological history.
• Importance of Record: This record is a testament to the extreme conditions our planet can produce. It serves as an important data point for understanding Earth's climate system, the variability of desert temperatures, and the potential impacts of heatwaves on human health and the environment.
• Libya's Climate: Libya's climate is characterized by its hot, dry desert conditions. The Sahara Desert, which covers much of Libya, is one of the hottest regions in the world, experiencing extreme temperatures during the summer months. This makes Libya a plausible location for such extreme temperature records.
• Global Perspective: While the Libyan record has been a point of contention, it underscores the importance of accurate, reliable weather recording practices and the need for ongoing verification by meteorological authorities. It also highlights how extreme weather conditions, including high temperatures, are of interest not only to scientists but also to the general public due to their implications for climate change and human habitation.

The correct answer is Hwang Ho.

Key Points

• The Hwang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, is referred to as the 'grief of China' due to its frequent and devastating floods.
• It is the second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world, with a length of about 5,464 kilometers.
• The river's basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, making it a significant cultural and historical landmark.
• Efforts have been made to control and manage the river's flow to prevent future disasters, including the construction of dams and levees.

Additional Information

• Yangtze River
  • The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, stretching about 6,300 kilometers.
  • It plays a crucial role in China's economy, serving as a major transportation route and providing water for agriculture and industry.
  • The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located on the Yangtze River.
• Heilongjiang River
  • The Heilongjiang River, also known as the Amur River, forms part of the border between China and Russia.
  • It has a length of about 4,444 kilometers.
  • The river is significant for its biodiversity, supporting a variety of fish species and other wildlife.
• Tarim River
  • The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
  • It flows through the Taklamakan Desert, one of the largest sandy deserts in the world.
  • The river is crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the arid region it traverses.

The correct answer is Anti-cyclone.

Key Points

• Anti-cyclone
  • An anti-cyclone is a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in an anticyclone circulate clockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they circulate counterclockwise.
  • Anticyclones are associated with fair weather conditions, such as clear skies, light winds, and little precipitation.
  • They form due to the sinking of cool air, which increases air pressure at the surface.
  • Anticyclones can influence weather patterns over large areas, often leading to prolonged periods of stable weather.

Additional Information

• Convection
  • In meteorology, convection refers to the vertical movement of air due to differences in temperature and density.
  • Warm air, being less dense, rises, while cooler air sinks.
  • Convection plays a crucial role in driving weather patterns, such as thunderstorms and sea breezes.
  • It is a fundamental process in the Earth's atmosphere, influencing the distribution of heat and moisture.
  • Convection currents can also occur in other fluids, such as water and molten rock.
• Cyclone
  • A cyclone is a large-scale atmospheric circulation characterized by low atmospheric pressure at its center.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in a cyclone circulate counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they circulate clockwise.
  • Cyclones are associated with stormy weather conditions, including strong winds, heavy rain, and sometimes tornadoes.
  • They form due to the rising of warm, moist air, which creates an area of low pressure.
  • Tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons are all types of cyclones.
• Orography
  • Orography refers to the influence of topography, such as mountains and hills, on weather patterns.
  • When air masses encounter a mountain range, they are forced to rise, which can lead to cooling and condensation, resulting in precipitation.
  • This phenomenon is known as orographic lifting.
  • Orography can significantly impact regional climates, creating rain shadows on the leeward side of mountain ranges and influencing the distribution of precipitation.
  • The Himalayas, for example, create a rain shadow effect on the Tibetan Plateau.

The correct answer is East, West.

Key Points

• Venus revolves around its axis from East to West.
• Most planets in our solar system rotate from West to East, but Venus and Uranus have retrograde rotation.
• This means that if you were standing on the surface of Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east.
• Venus has a very slow rotation speed, taking about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation.

Additional Information

• Retrograde Rotation
  • Retrograde rotation is when a planet rotates in the opposite direction to its orbit around the Sun.
  • In the case of Venus, it rotates retrograde, meaning it spins clockwise if viewed from above its north pole.
  • Uranus also exhibits retrograde rotation, although it is tilted so far over it is often described as rotating on its side.
• Orbital Characteristics of Venus
  • Venus orbits the Sun every 225 Earth days.
  • Despite its slow rotation, Venus has a relatively quick orbit around the Sun.
  • Venus does not have any moons or rings.

The correct answer is Black Sea and Maramara Sea.

Key Points

• The Bosphorus strait is a natural waterway that connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
• It is one of the busiest waterways in the world and serves as a crucial passage for international maritime trade.
• The Bosphorus is also a significant cultural and historical landmark, dividing the European and Asian parts of Turkey.
• It has a length of approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) and varies in width from 700 meters to 3.7 kilometers.
• The strait has been historically important since ancient times and continues to hold strategic and economic significance today.

Additional Information

• Geographical Significance
  • The Bosphorus strait forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia, making it a significant geographical landmark.
  • It is one of the narrowest straits used for international navigation, which adds to its importance in global maritime routes.
• Historical Importance
  • The Bosphorus has been a key strategic location for various empires throughout history, including the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.
  • It has numerous historical sites along its shores, including palaces, fortresses, and ancient ruins.

The correct answer is 35.

Key Points

• The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt.
• Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less.
• Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
• Hypersaline water, or brine, is very salty seawater, above approximately 38 ppt.

Additional Information

• Salinity, which is measured in parts per thousand (ppt), is the amount of salt in grams per kilogram of saltwater.
  • The number of parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater is known as parts per thousand.
  • The term "parts per thousand" (ppt) is frequently used. 
  • Both temperature and salinity affect density.
  • A hydrometer can be used to determine the density of a liquid by measuring the level at which the hydrometer floats in it.

The correct answer is 'Kosmos'

Key Points

• Kosmos:
  • Kosmos is considered the first formal and comprehensive book on geography, written by the eminent German scholar Alexander von Humboldt.
  • The book aimed to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge about the physical world and is often seen as laying the foundation of modern physical geography.
  • Published in multiple volumes starting in 1845, Kosmos introduced the idea of treating geography as a holistic science interconnected with astronomy, geology, meteorology, and biology.
  • It emphasized empirical observation and the interrelation of phenomena, setting the tone for later geographical studies.

Additional Information

• Geographica:
  • Written by the ancient Greek scholar Strabo around 7 BCE, it was a monumental descriptive work on the known world at that time.
  • While it contributed significantly to classical geographical knowledge, it was more descriptive and lacked the scientific and integrative approach found in Kosmos.
• Guide to Geography:
  • This is commonly attributed to Claudius Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman mathematician and geographer, in the 2nd century CE.
  • It introduced the concepts of cartography and coordinate systems but was focused more on mathematical geography rather than a holistic scientific framework.
• Periods Ges:
  • This is not recognized as a standard geographical work and does not hold significance in the formal history of geographical literature.
  • It appears to be either a misinterpretation or an incorrect option not related to mainstream geographical foundations.

Important Points

• Alexander von Humboldt is known as the Father of Modern Geography for his scientific approach and contribution through Kosmos.
• He emphasized the principle of unity in diversity in geographical phenomena and pioneered ecological and environmental studies.
• Kosmos influenced many scientists and explorers, including Charles Darwin, due to its interdisciplinary and systematic analysis of nature.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key PointsThe Continent of Antarctica

• Antarctica is renowned for having the highest average elevation of all the continents. This is primarily due to the vast ice sheets that cover the majority of the continent. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• • The average elevation of Antarctica is about 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), making it the highest continent.
• Mount Vinson is recognized as the highest peak in Antarctica, standing at an elevation of 4,892 meters (16,050 feet) above sea level.
  • It is located in the Ellsworth Mountains, which are situated in the interior part of the Western Hemisphere portion of the continent. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent and is nearly twice the size of Australia. It is the southernmost continent and is situated around the South Pole.
• It is covered by an ice sheet that contains approximately 90% of the world's fresh water. The thickness of the ice can average 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles).
  • This vast ice sheet plays a critical role in the earth's climate, reflecting a significant amount of the sun's energy back into space.
• The continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean and does not have a permanent population. It hosts researchers and scientists from around the world who study its environment and ecosystems.
• Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which establishes the region as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
  • The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by numerous countries.
• The Antarctic climate is extremely cold, making it the coldest continent. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89.2°C (-128.6°F), was at Russia's Vostok Station in Antarctica.
• Global warming and climate change pose significant threats to Antarctica's ice sheets, which could have global implications for sea-level rise and climate patterns.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

Diastrophism:

• All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism.
• Diastrophism is an endogenic geomorphic process.
• It includes:
  • Orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust;
  • Epeirogenic processes involving the uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust;
  • Earthquakes involving local relatively minor movements; .
  • Plate tectonics involves horizontal movements of crustal plates.
• Therefore, Heterogenic processes do not come under diastrophism. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• In the process of orogeny, the crust is severely deformed into folds.
• Due to Epeirogeny, there may be simple deformation. Orogeny is a mountain-building process whereas Epeirogeny is a continental-building process.
• Through the processes of orogeny, epeirogeny, earthquakes and plate tectonics, there can be faulting and fracturing of the crust.
• All these processes cause pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) changes which in turn induce the metamorphism of rocks.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

•  The Batagaika Crater is not located in Australia. It is situated in Siberia, Russia. Specifically, it is in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the Russian Far East. Therefore, this statement is not correct. 
• The Batagaika Crater has indeed become an important site for scientists studying the impacts of climate change on permafrost, as the thawing of permafrost in the area provides insights into environmental changes. 
• The Batagaika Crater is often referred to as the "Gateway to the Underworld," not "The Sky-in." This nickname is due to the crater's large and mysterious appearance.
• When permafrost thaws, it releases significant quantities of organic carbon into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. This is a well-documented phenomenon in regions experiencing permafrost melt.
• Hence Statement 1 and 2 are NOT Correct , Hence Option 3 is Correct. 

The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key PointsAssertion (A):

• The Peru Desert, also known as the Atacama Desert, is classified as a cold desert due to its geographical location and climatic conditions.
• Analysis: This assertion is true.

Reason (R):

• The Humboldt Current is a cold oceanic current that influences the climate of coastal areas along the western coast of South America, including the Peru Desert.
• Analysis: This statement is also true, as the cold current does impact coastal conditions. However, it does not directly explain why the Peru Desert is classified as a cold desert; rather, it affects the overall climate in the region
• Hence Option 2 is correct. 

Key Points

• Ladang is a type of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Indonesia.
• Milpa refers to a form of slash and burn agriculture common in Central America.
• Roca is a term used for slash and burn agriculture in Brazil.
• Masole is a form of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Central Africa.

Additional Information

• Slash and burn agriculture is a method of cultivation where forests are cut and burned to create fields for agriculture. This method is often used by indigenous communities in tropical regions.
• Ladang in Indonesia involves clearing forests by cutting and burning vegetation to create temporary agricultural plots. The fertility of the soil is maintained by rotating fields.
• Milpa is an ancient agricultural practice in Central America, primarily used by the Maya civilization. It involves rotating fields to grow crops such as maize, beans, and squash.
• Roca is a traditional farming method in Brazil, used in the Amazon rainforest. It involves clearing small patches of forest to cultivate crops for a few years before letting the forest regenerate.
• Masole is practiced in Central Africa, where small plots of land are cleared and cultivated for a few years before moving to new areas. This method is sustainable if population density is low and fallow periods are long.