Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

Last updated on Jun 2, 2025

Latest Geography (World Geography) MCQ Objective Questions

Geography (World Geography) Question 1:

Which river is called the 'grief of China' ?

  1. Hwang Ho
  2. Heilongjiang 
  3. Yangtze 
  4. Tarim
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Hwang Ho

Geography (World Geography) Question 1 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Hwang Ho.

Key Points

  • The Hwang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, is referred to as the 'grief of China' due to its frequent and devastating floods.
  • It is the second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world, with a length of about 5,464 kilometers.
  • The river's basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, making it a significant cultural and historical landmark.
  • Efforts have been made to control and manage the river's flow to prevent future disasters, including the construction of dams and levees.

Additional Information

  • Yangtze River
    • The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, stretching about 6,300 kilometers.
    • It plays a crucial role in China's economy, serving as a major transportation route and providing water for agriculture and industry.
    • The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located on the Yangtze River.
  • Heilongjiang River
    • The Heilongjiang River, also known as the Amur River, forms part of the border between China and Russia.
    • It has a length of about 4,444 kilometers.
    • The river is significant for its biodiversity, supporting a variety of fish species and other wildlife.
  • Tarim River
    • The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
    • It flows through the Taklamakan Desert, one of the largest sandy deserts in the world.
    • The river is crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the arid region it traverses.

Geography (World Geography) Question 2:

Which of the following is NOT a factor that causes rainfall in India?

  1. Anti-cyclone
  2. Convection
  3. Cyclone
  4. Orography
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Anti-cyclone

Geography (World Geography) Question 2 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Anti-cyclone.

Key Points

  • Anti-cyclone
    • An anti-cyclone is a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure.
    • In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in an anticyclone circulate clockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they circulate counterclockwise.
    • Anticyclones are associated with fair weather conditions, such as clear skies, light winds, and little precipitation.
    • They form due to the sinking of cool air, which increases air pressure at the surface.
    • Anticyclones can influence weather patterns over large areas, often leading to prolonged periods of stable weather.

Additional Information

  • Convection
    • In meteorology, convection refers to the vertical movement of air due to differences in temperature and density.
    • Warm air, being less dense, rises, while cooler air sinks.
    • Convection plays a crucial role in driving weather patterns, such as thunderstorms and sea breezes.
    • It is a fundamental process in the Earth's atmosphere, influencing the distribution of heat and moisture.
    • Convection currents can also occur in other fluids, such as water and molten rock.
  • Cyclone
    • A cyclone is a large-scale atmospheric circulation characterized by low atmospheric pressure at its center.
    • In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in a cyclone circulate counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they circulate clockwise.
    • Cyclones are associated with stormy weather conditions, including strong winds, heavy rain, and sometimes tornadoes.
    • They form due to the rising of warm, moist air, which creates an area of low pressure.
    • Tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons are all types of cyclones.
  • Orography
    • Orography refers to the influence of topography, such as mountains and hills, on weather patterns.
    • When air masses encounter a mountain range, they are forced to rise, which can lead to cooling and condensation, resulting in precipitation.
    • This phenomenon is known as orographic lifting.
    • Orography can significantly impact regional climates, creating rain shadows on the leeward side of mountain ranges and influencing the distribution of precipitation.
    • The Himalayas, for example, create a rain shadow effect on the Tibetan Plateau.

Geography (World Geography) Question 3:

Venus revolves around its ________ to ________ of the axis.

  1. North, Southwest
  2. North, South
  3. East, West
  4. West, East
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : East, West

Geography (World Geography) Question 3 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is East, West.

Key Points

  • Venus revolves around its axis from East to West.
  • Most planets in our solar system rotate from West to East, but Venus and Uranus have retrograde rotation.
  • This means that if you were standing on the surface of Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east.
  • Venus has a very slow rotation speed, taking about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation.

Additional Information

  • Retrograde Rotation
    • Retrograde rotation is when a planet rotates in the opposite direction to its orbit around the Sun.
    • In the case of Venus, it rotates retrograde, meaning it spins clockwise if viewed from above its north pole.
    • Uranus also exhibits retrograde rotation, although it is tilted so far over it is often described as rotating on its side.
  • Orbital Characteristics of Venus
    • Venus orbits the Sun every 225 Earth days.
    • Despite its slow rotation, Venus has a relatively quick orbit around the Sun.
    • Venus does not have any moons or rings.

Geography (World Geography) Question 4:

Which of the following is associated with Bosospores water bodies?

  1. Black Sea and Caspian Sea
  2. Black Sea and Maramara Sea
  3. Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
  4. Red Sea and Black Sea
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Black Sea and Maramara Sea

Geography (World Geography) Question 4 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Black Sea and Maramara Sea.

Key Points

  • The Bosphorus strait is a natural waterway that connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
  • It is one of the busiest waterways in the world and serves as a crucial passage for international maritime trade.
  • The Bosphorus is also a significant cultural and historical landmark, dividing the European and Asian parts of Turkey.
  • It has a length of approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) and varies in width from 700 meters to 3.7 kilometers.
  • The strait has been historically important since ancient times and continues to hold strategic and economic significance today.

Additional Information

  • Geographical Significance
    • The Bosphorus strait forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia, making it a significant geographical landmark.
    • It is one of the narrowest straits used for international navigation, which adds to its importance in global maritime routes.
  • Historical Importance
    • The Bosphorus has been a key strategic location for various empires throughout history, including the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.
    • It has numerous historical sites along its shores, including palaces, fortresses, and ancient ruins.

Geography (World Geography) Question 5:

The term geography was first coined by:

  1. - Aristotle,
  2. Galileo,
  3. - Herodotus,
  4. - Eratosthenes,
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : - Eratosthenes,

Geography (World Geography) Question 5 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Eratosthenes

Key Points

  • The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenes.
  • Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.
  • He is best known for his work in geography, particularly for calculating the circumference of the Earth.
  • He also created one of the earliest maps of the known world and developed the concept of latitude and longitude.

Additional Information

  • Eratosthenes was born in the city of Cyrene, which is in present-day Libya, around 276 BCE.
  • He served as the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria, one of the most significant libraries of the ancient world.
  • In addition to his work in geography, Eratosthenes made contributions to mathematics, including the Sieve of Eratosthenes, an algorithm for finding prime numbers.
  • His work laid the foundation for modern geography and significantly advanced the understanding of the world in ancient times.

Top Geography (World Geography) MCQ Objective Questions

The average salinity of the oceans is _______ parts per thousand.

  1. 35
  2. 55
  3. 45
  4. 25

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : 35

Geography (World Geography) Question 6 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is 35.

Key Points

  • The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt.
  • Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less.
  • Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
  • Hypersaline water, or brine, is very salty seawater, above approximately 38 ppt.

Additional Information

  • Salinity, which is measured in parts per thousand (ppt), is the amount of salt in grams per kilogram of saltwater.
    • The number of parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater is known as parts per thousand.
    • The term "parts per thousand" (ppt) is frequently used. 
    • Both temperature and salinity affect density.
    • A hydrometer can be used to determine the density of a liquid by measuring the level at which the hydrometer floats in it.

_______ was the first formal book on geography. 

  1. Geographica 
  2. Guide to Geography  
  3. Periods Ges 
  4. Kosmos 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Kosmos 

Geography (World Geography) Question 7 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is 'Kosmos'

Key Points

  • Kosmos:
    • Kosmos is considered the first formal and comprehensive book on geography, written by the eminent German scholar Alexander von Humboldt.
    • The book aimed to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge about the physical world and is often seen as laying the foundation of modern physical geography.
    • Published in multiple volumes starting in 1845, Kosmos introduced the idea of treating geography as a holistic science interconnected with astronomy, geology, meteorology, and biology.
    • It emphasized empirical observation and the interrelation of phenomena, setting the tone for later geographical studies.

Additional Information

  • Geographica:
    • Written by the ancient Greek scholar Strabo around 7 BCE, it was a monumental descriptive work on the known world at that time.
    • While it contributed significantly to classical geographical knowledge, it was more descriptive and lacked the scientific and integrative approach found in Kosmos.
  • Guide to Geography:
    • This is commonly attributed to Claudius Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman mathematician and geographer, in the 2nd century CE.
    • It introduced the concepts of cartography and coordinate systems but was focused more on mathematical geography rather than a holistic scientific framework.
  • Periods Ges:
    • This is not recognized as a standard geographical work and does not hold significance in the formal history of geographical literature.
    • It appears to be either a misinterpretation or an incorrect option not related to mainstream geographical foundations.

Important Points

  • Alexander von Humboldt is known as the Father of Modern Geography for his scientific approach and contribution through Kosmos.
  • He emphasized the principle of unity in diversity in geographical phenomena and pioneered ecological and environmental studies.
  • Kosmos influenced many scientists and explorers, including Charles Darwin, due to its interdisciplinary and systematic analysis of nature.

Tropic of Cancer can be located at which of the following points? 

  1. 23½° S
  2. 23½° N
  3. 66½° N
  4. 66½° S

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 23½° N

Geography (World Geography) Question 8 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is 23½º N

Key Points

  • 23½º N is the latitude that marks the Tropic of Cancer.
  • The Tropic of Cancer is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth.
  • It is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead.
  • This event occurs during the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.
  • The Tropic of Cancer passes through several countries including Mexico, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and China.

Additional Information

  • The Tropic of Cancer is currently drifting southward at a rate of almost half an arcsecond of latitude, or 15 meters, per year.
  • It is one of the defining lines used in the geographic coordinate system to specify the position of places on the Earth's surface.
  • The term "tropic" is derived from the Greek word "tropikos," meaning "turn" or "change," referring to the position of the Sun at the solstices.
  • Understanding the Tropic of Cancer is crucial for comprehending Earth's climatic zones and the distribution of solar energy.

Epilimnetic, metalimnetic, and hypolimnetic water strata are example of:

  1. typical thermal stratification of a lake
  2. typical layers of hard rock
  3. various ecological phases
  4. different layers of underground water

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : typical thermal stratification of a lake

Geography (World Geography) Question 9 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is typical thermal stratification of a lake

Key Points

  • Epilimnetic, metalimnetic, and hypolimnetic water strata are characteristic layers in the thermal stratification of a lake.
  • In a stratified lake, the epilimnion is the uppermost layer where the water is warm and well-mixed.
  • The metalimnion (or thermocline) is the middle layer where temperature changes rapidly with depth.
  • The hypolimnion is the deepest layer, consisting of cooler, denser water that is typically more stable and less mixed.
  • This stratification is crucial for understanding lake ecology, including temperature distribution, oxygen levels, and nutrient cycling.

Additional Information

  • The process of stratification typically occurs in temperate regions during the summer when the surface water is heated by the sun.
  • During the fall, the surface water cools, and the entire lake can mix in a process called turnover, which helps distribute oxygen and nutrients throughout the lake.
  • Understanding these layers helps in managing lake ecosystems, particularly in relation to fisheries, water quality, and habitat conservation.
  • Human activities such as pollution and water extraction can disrupt natural stratification, leading to ecological imbalances.

Which of the following statements regarding continent of Antarctica is/are correct?

1. It has the highest average elevation as compared to all other continents.

2. Mount Vinson is the highest peak of this continent.

Select the correct answer using the code given below. 

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Both 1 and 2

Geography (World Geography) Question 10 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key PointsThe Continent of Antarctica

  • Antarctica is renowned for having the highest average elevation of all the continents. This is primarily due to the vast ice sheets that cover the majority of the continent. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    • The average elevation of Antarctica is about 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), making it the highest continent.
  • Mount Vinson is recognized as the highest peak in Antarctica, standing at an elevation of 4,892 meters (16,050 feet) above sea level.
    • It is located in the Ellsworth Mountains, which are situated in the interior part of the Western Hemisphere portion of the continent. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

  • Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent and is nearly twice the size of Australia. It is the southernmost continent and is situated around the South Pole.
  • It is covered by an ice sheet that contains approximately 90% of the world's fresh water. The thickness of the ice can average 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles).
    • This vast ice sheet plays a critical role in the earth's climate, reflecting a significant amount of the sun's energy back into space.
  • The continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean and does not have a permanent population. It hosts researchers and scientists from around the world who study its environment and ecosystems.
  • Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which establishes the region as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
    • The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by numerous countries.
  • The Antarctic climate is extremely cold, making it the coldest continent. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89.2°C (-128.6°F), was at Russia's Vostok Station in Antarctica.
  • Global warming and climate change pose significant threats to Antarctica's ice sheets, which could have global implications for sea-level rise and climate patterns.

Which of the following processes do not come under diastrophism?

  1. Orogenic
  2. Heterogenic
  3. Earthquakes
  4. Plate Tectonics

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Heterogenic

Geography (World Geography) Question 11 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

Diastrophism:

  • All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism.
  • Diastrophism is an endogenic geomorphic process.
  • It includes:
    • Orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust;
    • Epeirogenic processes involving the uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust;
    • Earthquakes involving local relatively minor movements; .
    • Plate tectonics involves horizontal movements of crustal plates.
  • Therefore, Heterogenic processes do not come under diastrophism. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • In the process of orogeny, the crust is severely deformed into folds.
  • Due to Epeirogeny, there may be simple deformationOrogeny is a mountain-building process whereas Epeirogeny is a continental-building process.
  • Through the processes of orogeny, epeirogeny, earthquakes and plate tectonics, there can be faulting and fracturing of the crust.
  • All these processes cause pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) changes which in turn induce the metamorphism of rocks.

Which of the following statement/s is/are not correct in respect of ‘Batagaika Crater’?
1. The Batagaika Crater is situated in Australia's Far East
2. This region has become a focal point for studying the effects of climate change on permafrost
3. The Batagaika Crater is affectionately referred to as ‘The Sky-in’
4. The permafrost thaws release enormous quantities of Organic Carbon.

  1. 2 and 3
  2. 1 and 4
  3. 1 and 3
  4. 2 and 4

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 1 and 3

Geography (World Geography) Question 12 Detailed Solution

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The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

  •  The Batagaika Crater is not located in Australia. It is situated in Siberia, Russia. Specifically, it is in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the Russian Far East. Therefore, this statement is not correct. 
  • The Batagaika Crater has indeed become an important site for scientists studying the impacts of climate change on permafrost, as the thawing of permafrost in the area provides insights into environmental changes. 
  • The Batagaika Crater is often referred to as the "Gateway to the Underworld," not "The Sky-in." This nickname is due to the crater's large and mysterious appearance.
  • When permafrost thaws, it releases significant quantities of organic carbon into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. This is a well-documented phenomenon in regions experiencing permafrost melt.
  • Hence Statement 1 and 2 are NOT Correct , Hence Option 3 is Correct. 

Norway falls under which of the following heat zones of the earth?

  1. North Temperate Zone
  2. South Temperate Zone
  3. North Frigid Zone
  4. South Frigid Zone

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : North Frigid Zone

Geography (World Geography) Question 13 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is North Frigid Zone

Key Points

  • Norway falls under the North Frigid Zone, which is characterized by extremely cold temperatures and is located within the Arctic Circle.
  • The North Frigid Zone includes regions that experience long, harsh winters and short, cool summers.
  • Countries within this zone often have unique adaptations to the cold climate, including specialized flora and fauna.
  • Human settlements in this zone are adapted to the extreme cold, with infrastructure designed to handle severe weather conditions.

Additional Information

  • The Arctic Circle marks the boundary of the North Frigid Zone and is located at approximately 66.5 degrees north latitude.
  • Within this zone, the sun does not set for at least one day during the summer solstice and does not rise for at least one day during the winter solstice, a phenomenon known as the Midnight Sun and Polar Night, respectively.
  • Climate change is significantly impacting the North Frigid Zone, leading to melting ice caps and changes in local ecosystems.
  • Norway, along with other countries in the North Frigid Zone, is part of various international agreements aimed at preserving the Arctic environment.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select your answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The Peru desert is recognized as a Cold Desert.
Reason (R): The temperature of Humboldt current plays a dominant role in controlling the surface atmospheric conditions of the coastal areas.

  1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  3. Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
  4. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Geography (World Geography) Question 14 Detailed Solution

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The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key PointsAssertion (A):

  • The Peru Desert, also known as the Atacama Desert, is classified as a cold desert due to its geographical location and climatic conditions.
  • Analysis: This assertion is true.

Reason (R):

  • The Humboldt Current is a cold oceanic current that influences the climate of coastal areas along the western coast of South America, including the Peru Desert.
  • Analysis: This statement is also true, as the cold current does impact coastal conditions. However, it does not directly explain why the Peru Desert is classified as a cold desert; rather, it affects the overall climate in the region
  • Hence Option 2 is correct. 

Match the following:

List-I

(Slash and burn agriculture)

List-II

(Practising region)

A.

Ladang

I.

Central America

B.

Milpa

II.

Indonesia

C.

Roca

III.

Central Africa

D.

Masole

IV.

Brazil

 

 

 



 

 

 

Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV
  2. A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III
  3. A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II
  4. A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III

Geography (World Geography) Question 15 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Option 2: A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III.

Key Points

  • Ladang is a type of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Indonesia.
  • Milpa refers to a form of slash and burn agriculture common in Central America.
  • Roca is a term used for slash and burn agriculture in Brazil.
  • Masole is a form of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Central Africa.

Additional Information

  • Slash and burn agriculture is a method of cultivation where forests are cut and burned to create fields for agriculture. This method is often used by indigenous communities in tropical regions.
  • Ladang in Indonesia involves clearing forests by cutting and burning vegetation to create temporary agricultural plots. The fertility of the soil is maintained by rotating fields.
  • Milpa is an ancient agricultural practice in Central America, primarily used by the Maya civilization. It involves rotating fields to grow crops such as maize, beans, and squash.
  • Roca is a traditional farming method in Brazil, used in the Amazon rainforest. It involves clearing small patches of forest to cultivate crops for a few years before letting the forest regenerate.
  • Masole is practiced in Central Africa, where small plots of land are cleared and cultivated for a few years before moving to new areas. This method is sustainable if population density is low and fallow periods are long.
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