Human body MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human body - Download Free PDF

Concept:

• Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
• Joints have been classified into three major structural forms,
  • Fibrous: They do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones.
  • Cartilaginous: The bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent vertebrae is an example.
  • Synovial: these are characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement
    allows considerable movement.

Explanation:

Ball and Socket joint:

• It is present between the humerus and pectoral girdle.
• The rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity (hollow space) of the other bone
• Such a joint allows movements in all directions i.e 360⁰ movements.

​Thus, the ball and socket joint allows 360⁰ movements.

Additional Information

Hinge Joint:

• It allows only a back and forth movement.
• Example of such joints is the elbow and knee.

Pivot joint:

• The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal joint.
• It allows us to bend our heads forward and backward
  and turn the head to our right or left.

Saddle joints:

• Saddle joints are types of synovial joints.

The correct answer is Vitamin K.

Key Points 

Vitamin K

• Vitamin K is called antihemorrhagic.
• It is found in the green leaves of plants, as well as in those parts of plants that contain chlorophyll, a lot of it in berries of mountain ash, as well as in the liver.
• Vitamin K is needed for the posttranslational modification of proteins required for blood coagulation.
• Vitamin K is involved in metabolism pathways, bone mineralization, cell growth, and metabolism of the blood vessel wall.

Vitamin K injection:

• It is used to treat bleeding (hemorrhage or threatened hemorrhage) associated with a low blood level of prothrombin or factor VII.
• It is recommended that vitamin K be given IV, and not IM until coagulation parameters normalize to minimize the risk of hematoma at the injection site.
• 1 mg IM/subcutaneous is the FDA-approved dosage.
• Neonate has low plasma concentrations and low levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
• Therefore, immediately after the birth, Vitamin K will be administered to the newborn in order to prevent bleeding.

Additional Information

Vitamins :

• Vitamins are organic substances that are required for the proper functioning of the body.
•  Vitamins are divided into two groups:
• Fat-soluble (Vit. A, D, E, and K)
• Water-soluble ( Vitamins of B group and Vit. C).

The correct answer is Melatonin.

Key Points

• The pituitary Gland is present below the hypothalamus.
• It is divided into 2 parts, viz. adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
• Adenohypophysis is called anterior pituitary and neurohypophysis is called posterior pituitary.
• It controls the secretion of most of the hormones.
• It secretes various hormones, like growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, oxytocin, vasopressin, gonadotropin, etc.
• Melatonin hormone is produced by the brain in response to darkness.
• Melatonin production can be affected when someone is exposed to light in the darkness.
• Melatonin supplements may help with certain conditions, such as jet lag, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, etc.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The pulmonary vein is the only vein in the human body that carries oxygenated blood. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• It transports oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
• This is an exception because veins usually carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Additional Information

• Cystic vein: Drains blood from the gallbladder into the portal vein (deoxygenated).
• Cardiac vein: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart muscles to the right atrium.
• Hepatic Portal Vein: Carries nutrient-rich but deoxygenated blood from the intestines to the liver. 

The correct answer is Melatonin.

• Melatonin hormone plays an important role in the regulation of 24-hour rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle.
• It is also involved in the pigmentation of the skin, menstrual cycle, and metabolism.
• It also controls the cardiac rhythms of our body.
• Its increased secretion promotes healthy sleeping.
• This hormone delays puberty and affects the menstrual cycle.

Key Points

• Prolactin is the hormone of the anterior pituitary which stimulates the production of milk and also develops the mammary gland.
• Progesterone maintains the pregnancy and is involved in female sexual characteristics development and cortisol response against stress and also stimulates the formation of RBC.
• Cortisol is called the "stress hormone" because of its connection to the stress response. Cortisol is one of the steroid hormones and is made in the adrenal glands.

The correct answer is Bile juice, Pancreatic juice.

Key Points

• Bile juice, Pancreatic juice secreted by the organs plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
• Bile juice is secreted by the liver.
  • It does not contain any types of enzymes.
  • The bile juice helps to make the food alkaline and break down the fat molecules.
• Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas.
  • It contains enzymes like amylase, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and lipase.
  • Secretion of the Pancreatic juice is regulated by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin.
• Lipase is the digestive enzyme of fat.
• Ptyalin is the digestive enzyme of the Saliva.
• Hydrochloric acid is produced naturally in the human stomach to help the digestion of food.

The correct answer is Whale.

Key Points

• Gills are respiratory organs found in most aquatic organisms.
• Gills can extract dissolved oxygen from water and excrete carbon dioxide.
• Gills can be found in Octopus, Squid, Clownfish, Tadpole, Prawn, etc.
• Lungs are the breathing organ of Whales.

Additional InformationRespiratory organs of different Animals:

• Vitamin K is a vitamin found in leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.
• In the body, vitamin K plays a major role in blood clotting. So it is used to reverse the effects of “blood-thinning” medications when too much is given; to prevent clotting problems in newborns who don’t have enough vitamin K, and to treat bleeding caused by medications.

Tricks:

Influenza disease is caused by a Virus.

Trick: Virus influence many Diseases

The correct answer is Cadmium.
Key Points

• Cadmium (Cd) causes Itai-Itai disease.
  • It was first recognized in Japan in the 1960s.
  • It is a result of human activities associated with industrialization.
  • Osteomalacia with severe bone pain is a symptom of Itai-Itai illness.
  • It is also a cause of renal tubular failure.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1, i.e Lysosomes.

Key Points

• Lysosomes are called suicidal bags of the cells, containing hydrolytic enzymes that undergo autolysis and burst open when the cell gets damaged.
• Plastids are double-membrane organelles found in plant cells and contain pigments that help the plant is photosynthesis. They are responsible for the storage and manufacture of food.
• Endoplasmic reticulum usually contains ribosomes which are involved in lipid and protein synthesis.
• Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Additional Information 

• Cellular Respiration is the process that is used by the cells to make energy to operate.
• Here, oxygen is used in the last step of the process called the Electron transport chain (ETC). That takes place in the mitochondrial membrane.
• During this step, the maximum number of ATP are synthesized and the presence of oxygen makes sure the availability of electron acceptor.

The correct answer is AB.

Key Points

• Type AB blood is rare it’s found in less than 5% of the population.
• And it is the 'newest' of the blood types.
• Until ten or twelve centuries ago, there was little to no Type AB blood type.
• That is because type AB results from the intermingling of Type A with Type B.
• Type AB has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies.

 Additional Information

• In the years 1900–1902, K. Landsteiner divided human blood into four groups — A, B, AB, and O.
• Rh factor is a type of blood antigen discovered in 1940 by Landsteiner and A.K. s. was done by Veneer.
• Each person has a blood type (O, A, B, or AB). Everyone also has an Rh factor (positive or negative).
• The Rh factor is a protein on the covering of the red blood cells.
• If the Rh factor protein is on the cells, the person is Rh-positive.
• If there’s no Rh factor protein, the person is Rh-negative.

The correct answer is Alveoli.

Key Points

• The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
  • These are tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs).
  • Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
  • Carbon dioxide travels in the blood from the body's tissues and passes through the alveoli to be breathed out.

The correct answer is Cerebrum.

Explanation:

• The main thinking part of the human brain is the cerebrum.
• The cerebrum is the large outer part of the brain
• It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.

• The cerebrum (a major part of the forebrain) is the main thinking part of the brain. It has sensory, motor, and association areas.

Additional Information

• The human brain is divided into three parts or compartments with different functions: Fore-brain, Midbrain, and hindbrain.
• The human brain with the spinal cord makes the central nervous system.
• Fore-brain is the main thinking part and controls voluntary actions.
  • It processes sensory information which is collected from various organs of the body such as ears, eyes, nose tongue, skin, etc.
  • The forebrain consists of Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  • The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and is associate with the higher function of thinking and actions.
• Midbrain is a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain, the hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
  • It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions, and the lower part of the brainstem, comprises the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. 
  • Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. 
  • It is a bridge to transmit signals.
  • The functions are vision, hearing, temperature regulation, and alertness, etc.
• The hindbrain controls the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sleep, and walking, etc.
  • the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain.
  • It is maintaining equilibrium, body balance, and posture during walking, riding, etc.