Knowledge Organisation & Processing - Cataloguing MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Knowledge Organisation & Processing - Cataloguing - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

Key Points

• RDA (Resource Description and Access) is related to Cataloguing. 
• RDA stands for “Resource Description and Access.”
• It is the title of the standard, which is the successor to AACR2.
• RDA was initially released in June 2010.
• The Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA (JSC), the current name of the committee, is responsible for the ongoing development of RDA.
• It is divided into 10 Sections.
• Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data.
• In RDA, the class of materials is represented by content type, media type, and carrier type.
• These three elements combined form the basis for describing the physical and digital characteristics of a resource in a consistent and detailed manner. 

The Correct answer is 1957.

Key Points

• The Society of Indexers (UK):
  • ​Founded in 1957, the Society of Indexers is the independent professional body for indexers in the UK and Ireland.
  • It works closely with the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals and maintains global affiliations, though its office is based in Sheffield.
  • Membership—open to anyone involved in indexing—spans over a hundred subject areas, from accountancy to zoology.
  • The Society’s mission is to advance the practice and professionalism of indexing.
• Key Activities:
  • Training & Accreditation: Offers a distance-learning course in indexing, leading to Accredited Indexer status, with further progression to Advanced Professional Member and Fellow.
  • Annual Conference: Brings together indexers for workshops, presentations, and networking.
  • Publications:
    • The Indexer (since 1958; quarterly, print & online), the official journal of global indexing societies.
    • SIdelights, a quarterly members-only newsletter.
  • Membership Services:
    • Directory of available indexers.
    • Local discussion groups and the “SIdeline” email list for peer support and information exchange.

The Correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• RDA (Resource Description and Access) is related to Cataloguing. 
• RDA stands for “Resource Description and Access.”
• It is the title of the standard, which is the successor to AACR2.
• RDA was initially released in June 2010.
• The Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA (JSC), the current name of the committee, is responsible for the ongoing development of RDA.
• It is divided into 10 Sections.
• Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data.
• RDA offers libraries the potential to change significantly how bibliographic data is created and used.
• RDA is a package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata.
• RDA goes beyond earlier cataloging codes in that it provides guidelines on cataloging digital resources.
• RDA also supports the clustering of bibliographic records to show relationships between works and their creators
•  RDA consists of: 
  • 10 sections
  •  With 37 chapters
  •  And 12 appendices
  • Glossary
  • Index

The Correct answer is Principle of Probability.

Key PointsPrinciple of Probability:

• The principle was introduced by Ranganathan in 1969.
• This principle prescribes that „making the word belonging to the more numerous group of entry increases the probability for satisfying the Canon of Prepotence‟.
• Thus this principle indicates that a word belonging to the more numerous group if used as an entry element has a greater probability of satisfying the Canon of Prepotence. 

Additional InformationPrinciples of Cataloging in CCC:

• Principle of Local Variation: 
  • The Principle of Local Variation acknowledges the necessity of considering local factors in cataloging practices.
  • It emphasizes that international catalog codes should provide clear instructions on handling factors addressed by national catalog codes.
  • For example, style variations like capitalization, subordination, etc., may differ based on language, and the actual implementation details should be outlined in national codes.
• Principle of Osmosis:
  • ​The Principle of Osmosis advocates adapting to changes in catalog codes or classification schemes when necessary.
  • It suggests two approaches:
    • immediate re-cataloging or reclassification of the entire collection, which may be costly, or
    • a gradual approach where new accessions follow the new system and old collections are gradually reclassified.
  • This principle promotes a compromise to avoid significant disruptions.
• Principle of Unity of Idea:
  • ​This principle guides the formulation of cataloging rules by focusing on specific elements such as the definition and interpretation of cataloging terms, choice of information for an entry, rendering, and style of recording.
  • It emphasizes that each rule in a catalog code should address only one of these elements for any given problem.
  • Unity of Ideas ensures clarity and coherence in cataloging practices.

The Correct answer is Law of impartiality.

Key Points

• Law of impartiality-
  • The law directs that between two or more claimants (e.g, for the first position among two facets of a subject or the choice to be made among the needs of different categories of users) preference should be made only on sufficient grounds, and not arbitrarily.
  • The law of impartiality insists that the sequence of facets in different subjects should not be determined in an arbitrary manner in each subject. The sequence should be based on some guiding principles of a general nature, equally applicable to all subjects.
  • That is why Ranganathan has suggested the application of wall-picture principles for facet sequence.
  • This law says For books written by two joint authors both the authors have an equal right for being chosen as a heading​

Additional Information

• Law of parsimony-
  • ​The law directs that between two or more possible alternatives bearing on a particular phenomenon the one leading to the overall economy of manpower, material, money, and time, considered together with proper weightage, is to be preferred.
  • A faceted scheme consists of a set of schedules instead of a single schedule for all subjects in an enumerative classification. Our experience shows that the length of schedules gets reduced in the first one, thereby satisfying the law of parsimony.
  • Example: In case a collection is to be reclassified the law of parsimony would suggest that only that part of the collection be classified which is known to be in much use, and also those documents that are returned by the users after being taken out by them from the collection. 
• Law of interpretation-
  • ​Ranganathan refers to 1008 principles of interpretation, listed in the Nyaya-Kosa. These principles are applicable in interpreting legal texts. The canons, principles, postulates, and rules of classification taken together can be considered legal documents. Therefore, we should interpret various sections just like legal text. In case of a conflict, the conflict should be resolved with the aid of the laws of interpretation. If necessary, the rules, principles, and canons should also be modified to solve the conflicts. It has been suggested by Ranganathan that colon classification should be scrutinized from the angle of these laws. This will help in determining many of its weaknesses. CC could be revised to overcome these weaknesses. Similarly, the laws of interpretation can be applied in the study of other schemes also.
• Law of symmetry-
  • The law prescribes that of two entities or situations which admit to being regarded as symmetrical counterparts of each other, if one entity or situation is given weight in any particular context, the other entity or situation should also be given a corresponding weight.
  • Example: In CC, Ranganathan allocated greater ordinal value to Roman caps than Indo-Arabic numerals. Later Roman small letters were used to represent posteriorizing common isolates. These were given lesser ordinal values than Indo-Arabic numerals, which led to the satisfaction of the law of symmetry.

the correct answer is Name Section:

Key PointsMain Entry of Classified Catalogue: CCC defines the main entry as a specific entry giving maximum information about the whole of a document. 

• Structure of main entry according to CCC 5th E.d
  • According to Rule MB0 of CCC, the sections of the main entry of the classified catalog consist of the following sections:
    • Leading section
    • Heading section
    • Title Section
    • Note section, if any
    • Accession number; and
    • Tracing.
• Out of the above six sections, the first five sections are recorded on the front side of the catalogue card and the sixth section i.e. tracing is recorded on the back of the card.

The correct answer is "Law of parsimony".

Key Points

• Law of parsimony-
  • ​The law directs that between two or more possible alternatives bearing on a particular phenomenon the one leading to the overall economy of manpower, material, money, and time, considered together with proper weightage, is to be preferred.
  • A faceted scheme consists of a set of schedules instead of a single schedule for all subjects in an enumerative classification. Our experience shows that the length of schedules gets reduced in the first one, thereby satisfying the law of parsimony.
  • Example: In case a collection is to be reclassified the law of parsimony would suggest that only that part of the collection be classified which is known to be in much use, and also those documents that are returned by the users after being taken out by them from the collection. 
• Law of impartiality-
  • The law directs that between two or more claimants (e.g, for the first position among two facets of a subject or the choice to be made among the needs of different categories of users) preference should be made only on sufficient grounds, and not arbitrarily.
  • Example: The law of impartiality insists that the sequence of facets in different subjects should not be determined in an arbitrary manner in each subject. The sequence should be based on some guiding principles of a general nature, equally applicable to all subjects. That is why Ranganathan has suggested the application of wall-picture principles for facet sequence.
• Law of interpretation-
  • ​Ranganathan refers to 1008 principles of interpretation, listed in the Nyaya-Kosa. These principles are applicable in interpreting legal texts. The canons, principles, postulates, and rules of classification taken together can be considered legal documents. Therefore, we should interpret various sections just like legal text. In case of a conflict, the conflict should be resolved with the aid of the laws of interpretation. If necessary, the rules, principles, and canons should also be modified to solve the conflicts. It has been suggested by Ranganathan that colon classification should be scrutinized from the angle of these laws. This will help in determining many of its weaknesses. CC could be revised to overcome these weaknesses. Similarly, the laws of interpretation can be applied in the study of other schemes also.
• Law of symmetry-
  • The law prescribes that of two entities or situations which admit to being regarded as symmetrical counterparts of each other, if one entity or situation is given weight in any particular context, the other entity or situation should also be given a corresponding weight.
  • Example: In CC, Ranganathan allocated greater ordinal value to Roman caps than Indo-Arabic numerals. Later Roman small letters were used to represent posteriorizing common isolates. These were given lesser ordinal values than Indo-Arabic numerals, which led to the satisfaction of the law of symmetry.

The Correct answer is Ami Cutter.

Key Points

• 1876 was a significant year in the history of cataloging due to the publication of Charles Ammi Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (RDC), which initially consisted of 205 rules.
• The fourth edition, published in 1904 from Washington, expanded this to 369 rules.
• Cutter's code of rules not only provided guidance for subject entry and the arrangement of entries but also suggested methods for brief, moderately full, and very full cataloging, making it suitable for various types of libraries.
• Cutter emphasized that catalogs should not only direct readers to individual publications but also collect and organize literary units.
• Renowned librarian Dr. S R Ranganathan praised Cutter as a genius and regarded his work, RDC, as a classic and immortal contribution to the field.
• Notably, the code included rules for corporate authorship, with more development and numerous guidelines compared to the British Museum.
• It also featured valuable discussions on the entry under the name of institutions and government organizations, the division of corporate authorship into four types, and the recommendation of double entry when no other alternatives were deemed entirely acceptable.
• The code began with a list of objectives and definitions, with additional rules for cataloging special materials, such as manuscripts and maps, provided by other compilers at the end of the work.

Additional Information Other Cataloguing codes:

The correct answer is "Classified catalogue".

Key Points

• Classified catalogue-
  • It is defined as "a catalogue of subject entries arranged in the systematic order according to a scheme of classification."
  • Ranganathan defines it as "a catalogue in which some are numbered entries and some are word entries".
  • Features of Classified Catalogue are-
    • A classified catalogue provides access to information by subject.
    • It brings in an artificiality as the user is expected to be aware of the scheme of classification.
    • all the entries are arranged from general to specific at all levels in this catalogue
    • It consists of two parts - The classified part, The alphabetical part
• Author catalogue-
  • ​In an author catalogue, the entries of documents are under the author’s name and arranged alphabetically.
  • It helps a user to obtain at a glance what books are available in the library by a given author.
  • It brings together the titles of books of the same author in one place in the catalogue.
• Dictionary catalogue-
  • ​It is a catalogue in which all the entries and their related references are arranged together in one alphabetical reference.
  • It follows the principle of the specific subject heading.
  • A dictionary catalogue with cross-references is called a syndetic or connective catalogue. 
• Title catalogue-
  • ​In a title catalogue, the titles of documents occupy the leading section of entries, which are arranged in alphabetical order.
  • It is a part of a dictionary catalogue or part of the author-title index of a classified catalogue. 

Additional Information

• A catalogue in a library is a retrieval tool for accessing resources in the Libraries.
• It discloses to the reader the contents of a library collection.

The correct answer is the First author:

Key Points

• Entries made in AACR2R
  • ​Single Personal Authorship: For a book having a single personal author, the entry is made under the name of the author.
  • Document with Shared Responsibility: Principal authors are distinguished from other authors by giving prominence such as wording or layout, etc. and the main entry is made under them. If the principal author is not indicated on the title page of the book, the entry heading should be made under the first named author.
  • EDITED BOOKS: For edited books by more than one editor also, the main entry is prepared by the title of the book. Added entries are also prepared for the subject and other editors. 
• AACR is an international library cataloging standard first published in 1967.
• The second edition of AACR2 was issued in 1978.
• Revision AACR2R was published in 1988.
• It is jointly published by ALA, CLA, CILIP, and information professionals.
• RDA (Resource description and access) is designed to replace AACR2R
• The index of AACR2r was compiled by K G B Bakewell.
• AACR-2R consists of two parts:
  • Part 1: Description consists of 13 chapters.
  • Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, and References consist of 21 chapters.
• AACR-2R has prescribed three levels of description.

The correct answer is the Rendering of Names.

Key Points

 Colon classification Ed. 5 contents:

• ​Part A - Introduction
• Part B - Canons of Cataloguing
• Part C - General Normative Principles
• Part D - Evolution of Catalogue
• Part E - Recording
• Part F - Terminology
• Part G - Conflict of Authorship
• Part H - Name of Person
• Part J - Rendering of Names
• Part K - Class Index Entry
• Part L - Cross-reference Index Entry
• Part M -  Single Volumed- Simple Book
• Part N - Composite Book and Multi-Volumed Book
• Part P- Periodical Publications
• Part Q- Union Catalogue of Books
• Part R- Union Catalogue of Periodical Publications
• Part S- National Bibliography
• Part T- Indexing Periodicals
• Part U- Abstracting Periodicals
• Part V- Incunabula and Non-Book Materials
• Part W- End Matter

The correct answer is Note.

Key PointsNote Section

• Note section will commence from the second vertical and continuation if any will commence from the first vertical.
• CCC Rule MF6 prescribes 6 kinds of notes
• But generally, a series note is used which is generally given on the Half title page of the book.
• A single series note is to consist successively of
  • The name of the series;
  • A full stop;
  • Page Number
  • The words ‘Ed by’ followed by the pure name (s) of the Editor (s) of the series, if the series has an editor (s),
  • A full stop, and
  • The series number
• The books are to be given serial numbers in the sequence of the accession in the library or by the year of publication of the book.
•  A series note is to be given in circular brackets.
• At the end of each subsection of the series note a full stop (.) is given.

Additional InformationStructure Elements of the Catalogue
According to Rule MBO of CCC, the sections of the main entrance of the classified catalog consist of the following sections:
1. Leading section
2. Heading section
3. Title section
4. Note section, if any
5. Accession number; and
6. Tracing 

The Correct answer is The British Library.

Key Points

• LOCAS:
  • ​The British Library introduced in the late 1970s what is known as LOCAS (Local Catalogue Service).
  • A subfile is maintained for each subscribing library.
  • The data selected from UK MARC files and the local data supplied by the subscribing libraries are maintained in the subfile.
  • The data are embedded into the local requirements by adding data like locations or special indexes and stripped of the details not needed. ​
  • The updated catalog is processed every month and then provided to the local library, typically in microform. 
  • The system is highly adaptable and can be customized to meet the specific needs and format preferences of the local library. The OCLC is also offering a similar service in the United States.

Additional Information

• Library of Congress:
  • ​The Library of Congress, situated in the United States, stands as one of the world's largest research and development libraries.
  • It was founded on April 24, 1800, serving as the national library of the United States.
  • The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) system is a library classification system devised by the Library of Congress.
• The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York:
  • ​The Morgan Library & Museum, previously known as the Pierpont Morgan Library, is located in Manhattan, New York City, specifically in the Murray Hill neighborhood at 225 Madison Avenue.
  • The Morgan Library was established in 1906 to house Morgan's private library, which boasted manuscripts, printed books, prints, and drawings.
  • The main building was constructed between 1902 and 1906, with the library becoming a public institution in 1924 as per the wishes outlined in J. P. Morgan's will.
  • The annex was later added in 1928, with the glass entrance building being included during the 2006 renovation.
• NLM
  • ​The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is a leader in biomedical informatics and computational health data science research, and the world’s largest biomedical library. 
  • The National Library of Medicine was established in 1836.
• ​The British Library:
  • ​The British Library, located in London, serves as the national library of the United Kingdom 
  • As a legal deposit library, it acquires copies of all books published in the United Kingdom and Ireland, along with a significant portion of overseas titles distributed in the UK.
  • The Library operates as a non-departmental public body, sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
  • Before 1973, the British Library operated as a part of the British Museum, situated in the Borough of Camden.
  • The Library's contemporary purpose-built structure now stands on the former site of the Midland Railway's Somers Town Goods Yard and Potato Market.

The correct answer is Without place:

Key Points

• A library catalog or catalog is a systematic list of materials held by a library or a group of libraries.
• There are some standard abbreviations for when some of this information is unknown:
  • [s.l.] stands for “sine loco,” which is Latin for “without a place.” 
  • [s.n.] stands for “sine nomine,” which is Latin for “without a name.”
  • [n.d.] stands for “no date.” 

Additional Information

• Some tips for interpreting the catalog records in the Classic Catalogue.
  • [Square brackets] indicate that information is supplied by the cataloguer, rather than transcribed directly from the book. In the page numbering, square brackets indicate un-numbered pages.
  • [sic] is a Latin term meaning “thus” or “in this way.” It is used to indicate that a typo or other error is copied directly from the book, not made by the cataloguer.
  • Uniform Title. For works whose titles may have changed across multiple editions. Uniform Title provides access to all of the versions of a work under a single heading.
  • Imprint. Where, by whom, and when a book was published or printed?
  • Description. The most basic physical description of a book, including the number of pages or volumes, whether or not it is illustrated, and the height of the book on the shelf. 

The correct answer is "Name Section".

Key Points

•  Leading Section-
  • The leading Section of the Main Entry in CCC contains the Call Number of the document.
  • The call Number in the Leading Section is recorded in Pencil.
  • No full stop is given after the call number in the Leading Section.
• Title Section-
  • This section starts on the second line from the second vertical.
  • It has 3 sub-sections-
  1. Title, subtitle, or Explanatory Title
  2. Edition Statement (Other than the first edition)
  3. Collaborator Statement
• Tracing Section-
  • The back of the main entry card is recorded with the information for tracing the documents.
  • The back of the main entry card is known as Tracing Section.

Additional Information

•  Sections of the Main Entry Card are-
  • Leading Section
  • Heading Section
  • Title Section
  • Note Section (if any)
  • Accession Number 
  • Tracing

Important Points

CCC: 

• The Classified Catalogue Code (CCC) was formulated by S. R. Ranganathan in 1934 is a user-oriented code that provides rules for subject entries and exhaustive rules for choice and rendering of bibliographic items for descriptive cataloging.
• In CCC the main entry begins with the class number.