Modern India (National Movement ) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Modern India (National Movement ) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 1922.

Key Points

• The Chauri Chaura incident took place in 1922.
• Chauri Chaura is a town in the Gorakhpur District of Uttar Pradesh.
• On 4 February 1922, a mob of peasants participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement clashed with police and set on fire a police station that killed 22 policemen and 3 civilians.
• Due to this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Additional Information

•  Non-Cooperation Movement was the first mass political movement under Gandhiji on 4 September 1920.
• The main goal of the Non-Cooperation Movement is to attain 'Swaraj' or Self Government.
• The 1901 Calcutta Session was the first time Mahatma Gandhi appeared on the Congress platform. Then a lawyer based in South Africa, Gandhi ji urged the Congress to support the struggle against racial discrimination and exploitation in the country.
• In 1924, Gandhiji was the President of the Congress Session in Belgaum.
• Subhash Chandra Bose addressed Gandhi as the 'Father of our Nation'.
• The title 'Mahatma' gave to Gandhi Ji by Rabindra Nath Tagore.

News- 

The Uttar Pradesh government has renamed a landmark freedom movement event as Kakori Train Action while paying tributes to the revolutionaries who were hanged for robbing a train at Kakori to buy weapons in 1925.

The new name was used in official communications to refer to the event, usually described as the ‘Kakori train robbery’ or the ‘Kakori train conspiracy’.

Key Points

Kakori Train Action - Important Highlights

Date and Place 

The robbery occurred on August 9, 1925, at a place called Kakori which is a town about 16 km from Lucknow. 

People Involved 

• It was planned and executed by the prominent members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association [(HSRA), earlier known as Hindustan Republican Association (HRA)] such as Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajendra Lahiri, Shachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, Murari Lal Khanna(Gupta), Banwari Lal, Mukundi Lal Gupta, and Manmathnath Gupta. 
• Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan were the masterminds. 

Objective  

• Acquiring funds for the Hindustan Republican Association from the British Administration.
• Gaining respect and creating a positive image of the association in the eyes of the Indian citizens.

Event 

• The Saharanpur to Lucknow train carrying the money collected from various railway stations was stopped by the revolutionaries and Rs 8000 were looted from the guard cabin.
• A passenger named Ahmed Ali got accidentally killed in the crossfire between the guards and revolutionaries which made it a manslaughter case.
• Ram Prasad Bismil was arrested on 26 Sept 1925 and the case was laid before the sessions court of A Hamilton on 21 May 1926. 

Judgement

• The trial, started on 21 May 1926, was against 28 revolutionary members of the HRA.
• The final verdict on the Kakori conspiracy case came in July 1927. 
• Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were given the death sentence, whereas Sachindra Bakshi and Shachindra Nath Sanyal were sent to the Cellular Jail of Port Blair.
• Others were given imprisonment of varying lengths and some were let off due to the lack of evidence against them.

The correct answer is Ballia.

Key Points

• Parallel government during Quit India Movement.
  • The prominent parallel governments were formed in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, and Maharashtra.
  • Patri Sarkar was the parallel government formed in the city of Maharashtra.
  • When a person or a group of people forms another government in the presence of the main government, it is known as Parallel government.
  • In 1942, the Quit India movement became the ultimate landmark in India's match towards freedom.
  • The Quit India movement was primarily a campaign or a strategy to force the British government through discussion to execute the Independence of India.
  • During the Quit India Movement, mass agitation and violent actions took place in different parts of the country.
  • These groups tried to control different towns, cities, and villages, while few of the factions were able to establish independent governments.
  • These were the parallel governments. Some of these governments were not able to survive for long but they had the abilities and skill to manage the state and government on their own.
  • Four crucial parallel governments were made in Ballia in Uttar Pradesh, Tamluk or Midnapur in Bengal, Satara in Maharashtra, and Talcher in Orissa.
  • The Parallel government in Satara, in the state of Maharashtra, was known as Patri Sarkar was the most prominent among all as it continued for three years.
  • The Patri Sarkar, the local independent government in Satara district had a judicial branch made up of people's court.
  • Through consensus, decisions were made. To protect the government from the attack of the British forces, a group of young men was formed. 

The correct answer is Banga Village.

Key Points

• Bhagat Singh was born on 27 September 1907 in Banga, Lyallpur District, Punjab Province, British India (present-day Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan).
  • Death of Bhagat Singh 23 March 1931 (aged 23) Lahore Central Jail, Lahore.

Additional Information

• In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Rajguru, were both members of a small revolutionary group, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
  • Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary.
  • He participated in a massive symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in prison.
  • Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders and Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23.

The correct answer is Aurangabad, Maharashtra.

Additional Information

• ‘Bibi ka Maqbara’ is a tomb situated in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
• The Bibi-Ka-Maqbara is a beautiful mausoleum of Rabia-ul-Daurani alias Dilras Banu Begum, the wife of the Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb (1658-1707 A.D.).
• This mausoleum is believed to be constructed by Prince Azam Shah in memory of his mother from 1651 to 1661 A.D. An inscription found on the main entrance door mentions.
• Source (Archeological Survey of India, Ministry of Culture)

The correct answer is Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Important Points

• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• The Lucknow Pact of 1916 is signed between Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• As a result of this agreement, The Muslim League leaders agreed to join the Congress movement demanding Indian independence.
• The Lucknow Pact was seen as a beacon of hope to Hindu–Muslim unity.
• Some common demands presented by both parties to the British are:
  1. The number of elected seats on the councils should be increased.
  2. Minorities in the provinces should be protected.
  3. All provinces should be granted autonomy.
  4. Separating the executive from the judiciary.

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Important Points

• The Salt March or Dandi March was started on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi on 6th April 1930.
• They covered 240 miles in 24 days.
• Gandhiji violated the salt law by making salt from seawater. 
• It is also known as the Salt Satyagraha or Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Lord Irwin was viceroy during the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Sarojini Naidu was among the leaders who accompanied Mahatma Gandhi during the Dandi March

 Additional Information. Khilafat Movement (1919 AD-1922 AD):

• The Ali Brothers–Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali–launched an anti-British movement in 1919.
• The movement was for the restoration of the Khilafat Movement.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad also led the movement.
• It was supported by Mahatma Gandhi and INC.
• On October 17, 1919, ‘Khilafat Day’ was celebrated

Non-Co-operation Movement:

• The movement was launched formally on 1 August, 1920, by Gandhiji.
• He announced his plan to start Non-Cooperation with the government as a series to the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat Movement.
• The main purpose of non-cooperation was moved by C.R. Das and approved by the Indian National Congress at the Nagpur session in December, 1920.
• The programs of the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
  • Surrender of titles and honorary positions.
  • Resignation of membership from the local bodies.
  • Boycott of elections included under the provisions of the 1919 Act.
  • Boycott of government functions.
  • Boycott of courts, government schools, and colleges.
  • Boycott of foreign goods.
  • Endowment of national schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts.
  • Popularizing swadeshi goods and khadi.​

The Quit India Movement

• Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
• It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942.
• The movement gave the slogan Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’.
• Gandhi ji gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’.
• In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at urging the British to grant India independence.
• The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. Gandhi ji was named the movement’s leader.

The correct answer is Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Key Points

The correct answer is Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points: About Forward BlocK:

• All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) is a Left Wing Nationalist political party founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in West Bengal in 1939.
• Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on May 3, 1939, by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• On the formation of this party Netaji said that who all were joining the Forward Bloc, they had to never turn their back to the Britisher's camp and must fill the oath form by cutting their Finger and signing it with their blood in the form.
• All India Conference of Forward Bloc held in Nagpur 1940. 
• The conference passed a resolution titled "All Power to the Indian People", urging militant action for the struggle against the East India Company.

Key Points

• About Subhas Chandra Bose:
  • He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was an active leader of the Indian National Congress.
  • After splitting from Congress, he made an Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore in 1943 to fight against the British.
  • In the year 1923, Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.
  • He was also worked as the Editor of the Newspaper 'Forward', founded by Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu).

Additional Information

Image of the Forward Bloc:

Notes:

• Subhas Chandra Bose was earned the title of "Netaji" in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.

The Correct answer is 1906, Calcutta.

• The word swaraj was first used by Dadabhai Naoroji in the congress session held at Calcutta in 1906.

Key Points

• Swarāj means self-governance or "self-rule".
• Swaraj warrants a stateless society.
• Word 'swaraj' was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Dayanand Saraswati.
• Dadabhai Navroji said that he had learnt the word swaraj from the Satyarth Prakash of Dayanand Saraswati.

Additional Information

Important INC Sessions

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is Bombay.

Important Points

All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting to ratify the Quit India resolution was held at the Bombay session.

• It was passed by Mahatma Gandhi on 8^th August 1942.
• Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at the Gowalia tank maidan in Mumbai.
• The All India congress committee is the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress.
• The All India congress committee launched a mass protest demanding the withdrawal of British rule from India in 1942. 
• The immediate cause of the Quit India movement was the failure of the Cripps mission.
• The draft of the Quit India resolution was prepared by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Aruna Asaf Ali is known as the heroine of the Quit India movement.
• Do or Die is the famous slogan associated with the Quit India movement.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act 1919 was an act of the British Parliament that sought to increase the participation of Indians in the administration of their country.
• The act was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, India’s Viceroy between 1916 and 1921.
• Hence the constitutional reforms set forth by this act are known as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms.

Features of the Act:

• It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
• The central and provincial legislatures were authorized to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
• It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
• The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as law and order, finance, land revenue, irrigation, etc. Hence Option 3 is correct.
  • All important subjects were kept in the reserved subjects of the Provincial Executive.
• The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as education, health, local government, industry, agriculture, excise, etc.
  • In case of failure of constitutional machinery in the province, the governor could take over the administration of transferred subjects also.
• The Act introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government.
• It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
  • Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
  • The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
• It required that three of the six members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
• It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
• It granted franchises to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax, or education.
• It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.
• It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
• It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
• It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.

The correct answer is Kesari.

• Kesari was written by Lokmanya Tilak during the Indian National Movement.

Key Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
  • He launched two newspapers–the Kesari (in Marathi) and the Maratha (in English).
  • He organized Ganpati Festival (1893 AD) and Shivaji Festival (1895 AD).
  • He was deported to Mandalay Jail (Burma) for writing seditious articles.
  • He started the Home Rule League in 1916 AD.
  • He wrote Gita Rahasya.
  • Tilak asserted: ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
  • He was awarded the title of Lokmanya.
  • He was called ‘Bal’, Lala Lajpat Rai was called ‘Lal’ and Bipin Chandra Pal was called ‘Pal’.
  • He was a part of the trio of ‘Lal-Bal- Pal’
  • He wrote the books The Arctic Home of Vedas and Gita Rahasya.

Additional Information

• Yugantar Patrika was a Bengali newspaper founded in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt in the year 1906.
• The Bengalee newspaper was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee.
• Amrita Bazar Patrika was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Important Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • He was known as the Grand Oldman of India.
  • He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • He became the President of INC three times i.e in the 1886 Calcutta session, 1893 Lahore session, and 1906 Calcutta session.
  • He was the first Indian Member of Parliament elected to the UK House of Commons.
  • He established the London Indian Society in the year 1865 and the East India Association in the year 1867. 

Additional Information