Moving Charges and Magnetism MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Moving Charges and Magnetism - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

Motor:

• A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
• The principles of the motor are based on electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it and a current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field so that it experiences a force.
• A motor can run off of direct current and alternating current.
• The direction will be given by Fleming's left-hand rule.

Generator:

• A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
• The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current in a coil placed in the region where the magnetic field changes with time. The magnetic field may change due to relative motion between the coil and a magnet placed near the coil. If the coil is placed near a current-carrying conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and conductor.
• The direction of the induced current is given by Fleming's right-hand rule.

Electric bells:

• Electric wells work on the magnetic effect of electric current.
• An electric bell consists of an electromagnet, striker, and gong. 
• When the circuit is closed, the electromagnet attracts the striker towards it. The striker hits the gong and produces a sound.

Electric Heater:

• An electric heater is a device that transforms a current of electricity into heat.

 Thus, from the above discussion, we can say that Electric Heater does not involve the principle of ‘magnetic effect of electric current’ in its working.

Calculation:

Initially, forces acting on the rod-ring system are weight mg and tension 2T0. In equilibrium, mg = 2T0.

The ring takes time T = 2π/ω to complete one revolution, setting a current i and magnetic moment μ, given by:

i = Q / T = Qω / (2π),    μ = iA = (1/2) ω Q R2

The direction of μ is towards the right. The torque on the loop is τ = |μ × B| = (1/2) ω B Q R2 (anticlockwise).

To balance this torque, tensions in the strings change to new values T1 and T2 such that T1 > T2. In equilibrium, the resultant force and resultant torque about the centre of the disc are zero.

T1 + T2 = mg        (1)

T₁(D/2) - T₂(D/2) = (1/2) ωBQR²       (2)

from (1) and (2) we get

T₁ = T₀ + ωBQR²/ (2D) 

⇒ ω_max = (DT₀)/ (BQR²)

Thus by comparing we have α - β is -1 +2 = 1.

Calculation:
For the semicircle KNM lying in the x-z plane, take a small element at angle θ. The force on a current element is dF = I × (dl × B).

Calculating and integrating over the arc, we find the force F₂ = 2IB₀R î.

For the semicircle KLM in the y-z plane, again consider a small element at angle θ.

Following the same procedure, the total force on this arc is F₁ = 2IB₀R î.

The total force on the loop is:

F = F₁ + F₂ = 4IB₀R î

 F₁ = F₂ = 2IB₀R î, so net force F = 4IB₀R î

Calculation:

Each arc subtends an angle α = π/4 at the center. The magnetic field at the center due to a current-carrying arc of radius r that subtends angle α is given by:

B = (μ₀ × i × α) / (4πr)

Since there are four arcs of each radius and the current in each arc contributes a field in the same direction (out of the paper), the net magnetic field is the sum of the fields due to all arcs:

B₁ = 4 × (μ₀ × i × α) / (4πr₁) + 4 × (μ₀ × i × α) / (4πr₂)

Factoring out common terms:

B = (μ₀ × i × α) / 4 × [1 / r₁ + 1 / r₂]

Now, substituting the values:

μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A, i = 10 A, α = π/4, r₁ = 0.08 m, r₂ = 0.12 m

B = (4π × 10⁻⁷ × 10) / 4 × [1 / 0.08 + 1 / 0.12]

B = 6.54 × 10⁻⁵ T

Answer: 6.54 

Calculation:

The magnetic torque on the coil is balanced by the restoring torque. The torque due to current is given by:

Deflection torque = number of turns × area × magnetic field × current = nABi

Restoring torque = torsional constant × angle = kθ

Equating the torques:

i = (kθ) / (nAB)

Substitute the given values:

i = (10⁻⁴ × 0.2) / (50 × 2 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.02) = 0.1 A

This is the maximum current the galvanometer can measure without damage (ig).

To measure up to 1 A, a shunt resistor (S) must be added in parallel. Using Kirchhoff's law:

igG = (i - ig)S

S = igG / (i - ig)

Substituting values:

S = (0.1 × 50) / (1 - 0.1) = 5 / 0.9 = 5.55 Ω

Answer: 5.55 Ω

CONCEPT:

• When moving through a magnetic field, the charged particle experiences a force.
• When the direction of the velocity of the charged particle is perpendicular to the magnetic field:
  • Magnetic force is always perpendicular to velocity and the field by the Right-Hand Rule.
  • And the particle starts to follow a curved path.
  • The particle continuously follows this curved path until it forms a complete circle.
  • This magnetic force works as the centripetal force.
• Centripetal force (F_C) = Magnetic force (F_B)

​⇒ qvB = mv²/R

​⇒ R = mv/qB

where q is the charge on the particle, v is the velocity of it, m is the mass of the particle, B is the magnetic field in space where it circles, and R is the radius of the circle in which it moves.

EXPLANATION:

Given that particle has charge e; mass = m; and moves with a velocity v in a magnetic field B. So

• Centripetal force (FC) = Magnetic force (FB)

​​⇒ qvB = mv2/R

\(\Rightarrow R=\frac{mv}{qB}\)

\(\Rightarrow r=\frac{mv}{Be}\)

So the correct answer is option 1.

CONCEPT:

• Solenoid: A cylindrical coil of many tightly wound turns of insulated wire with a general diameter of the coil smaller than its length is called a solenoid.

• A magnetic field is produced around and within the solenoid.
• The magnetic field within the solenoid is uniform and parallel to the axis of the solenoid.

The strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid is given by:-

\(B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}NI}{l}\)

Where, N = number of turns, l = length of the solenoid,  l = current in the solenoid and μo = absolute permeability of air or vacuum.

EXPLANATION:​

• The magnetic field inside a solenoid is uniform. So option 2 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• Fleming Left-hand rule gives the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field or a current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field.
  • This rule was originated by John Ambrose Fleming.
  • It is used in an electric motor.
  • It states that "stretch the thumb, the forefinger, and the central finger of the left hand so that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the central finger points in the direction of motion of charge, then the thumb points in the direction of force experienced by positively charged particles."

EXPLANATION:

• In Fleming's left rule, the middle finger represents the direction of current flowing through the conductor. So option 3 is correct.
• The thumb represents the direction of the magnetic force.
• The forefinger represents the direction of the magnetic field.

The correct answer is J.J. Thomson.

Key Points

• J.J. Thomson:
  • Electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897. So, option 4 is correct.
  • An electron is a low-mass and negatively charged particle.
  • He won the Nobel Prize in 1906 “for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”.

Additional Information

• Niels Bohr :
  • In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transferred only in certain well-defined quantities.
  • He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1922 "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them."
• J Chadwick:
  • He was a British physicist. 
  • He was associated with the discovery of Neutron and also awarded the noble prize for the discovery of neutrons.
• Rutherford:
  • Rutherford was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his theory of atomic structure.
  • He discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911.
  • He is known as the father of Nuclear Physics.

CONCEPT: 

• If the circular loop is considered as a magnetic dipole, then the dipole moment is the product of current and area. 
• Therefore, the magnitude of magnetic moment = area × current 

M = IA

Where M = Magnetic moment of copper coil, I = Current flowing through a loop and A = Area of coil

EXPLANATION:

• If e is the charge on an electron revolving in an orbit of radius r with uniform angular velocity ω, then equivalent current is

\(\Rightarrow I = \frac{charge (e)}{time (T)}\)

Where T = the period of revolution of electron

\(\Rightarrow T=\frac{2\pi r}{v}\)

∴ The equivalent  current will be 

\(\Rightarrow I = \frac{ev}{2\pi r}\)

• Area of the orbit is

\(\Rightarrow A= \pi r^2\)

• The magnitude of the magnetic moment

\(\Rightarrow M = \frac{ev}{2\pi r}\times\pi r^2=\frac{evr}{2}\)

Multiply and divide the above equation by m, we get

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{emvr}{2m} = \frac{evr}{2}\)            

The correct answer is Both Poles.   

 Important Points

• The ancient Greeks were the first known to have used this mineral, which they called a magnet because of its ability to attract other pieces of the same material and also iron.
• Englishman William Gilbert was the first to investigate the phenomenon of magnetism systematically using scientific methods.
• The closer the lines, the stronger the magnetic field, so in bar magnet, the magnetic field closest to the poles. 
• It is equally stronger at both the poles, the force in the middle of the magnet is weaker and halfway between the poles and the centre.
• The magnetic field is a vector quantity that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.
• A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to that of the magnetic field.
• S.I unit of the magnetic field is Tesla.

The correct option is Zero.

Key PointsBar magnet:

• An object that is made up of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, steel, or a ferromagnetic composite, and permanently magnetic. Mostly bar magnets are rectangular or cylindrical in shape.
• The magnetic field at the center of a bar magnet is zero.

Additional InformationProperties of Bar Magnet:

• It has a north pole and a south pole at two ends. It doesn't matter how many pieces you break apart from a bar magnet, both pieces will still have a north pole and a south pole.
• An imaginary line can be drawn along the magnetic field acting around any magnetic substance to define the magnetic field lines.
• At the poles, the magnetic force is strongest.
• If you suspend the bar magnet freely in the air it will align in a north-south direction. This property is used in the compass.
• Unlike poles of a magnet that attract each other poles will repeal each other when we bring them close.
• A ferromagnetic material is attracted by magnets like iron, cobalt, etc.

CONCEPT:

Fleming's Left-hand rule 

• It gives the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field or a current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field.
• It states that "stretch the thumb, the forefinger, and the central finger of the left hand so that they are mutually perpendicular to each other.
• If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the central finger points in the direction of motion of charge, then the thumb points in the direction of force experienced by positively charged particles."

EXPLANATION:

According to question

1. Forefinger (Index finger): In the direction north 
2. Middle finger: In the direction east
3. The thumb is pointing out of the paper i.e., on top.

The force acting on the conductor will be out of the paper i.e., on top. Therefore option 3 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• A solenoid is an instrument that consists of copper coiling over a cylinder designed to create a strong magnetic field inside the coil because of the flow of current through the coil.
• By wrapping the same wire many times around a cylinder, the magnetic field due to the flow of current can become quite strong.
• Hence we can say that the strength of the magnetic field will change as a current through coil or number of turn’s changes.
• Magnetic field strength is independent of the diameter of the cylinder of a solenoid.
• The strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid will be directly proportional to the number of turns and amount of current flowing through a wire and will be inversely proportional to its length.
• Thus it is given by \(B = \frac{{{μ _0}NI}}{l}\)

Where N = number of turns and I = current, l = length of the solenoid

• Magnetic field due to the solenoid is given by

• As μ_o and current (I) is constant, therefore 

\(\Rightarrow \;B \propto \frac{N}{L}\;\)

\( \Rightarrow \;\frac{{{B_1}}}{{{B_2}}}\; = \;\frac{{{N_1}}}{{{N_2}}} \times \frac{{{L_2}}}{{{L_1}}}\; = \;\frac{N}{{4N}} \times \frac{{2l}}{L}\; = \;\frac{1}{2}\)

CONCEPT:

• When a circular loop is associated with the current I, it starts to act as a magnet and its magnetic moment is find as given below.

• Magnetic moment (μ): The magnetic strength and orientation of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field.
  • It is a vector quantity associated with the magnetic properties of electric current loops.
  • It is equal to the amount of current flowing through the loop multiplied by the area encompassed by the loop.

μ = N i A 

where μ is the magnetic moment, A is the area of the coil, N is no. of turns and I is current in the coil.

• Its direction is established by the right-hand rule for rotations.

EXPLANATION:

The Magnetic moment μ = N i A is independent of the magnetic field in which it is lying. 

• As there is no magnetic field component in the formula.
• So the correct answer is option 4.