Poverty and Exclusion MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Poverty and Exclusion - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - 1-2-3-4

Key Points

• Poverty Percentage in Rural India (2011-12)
  • As per the NITI Aayog Report (2014), the poverty percentage for different communities was:
    • Scheduled Tribes (ST) - 45.3% (highest)
    • Scheduled Castes (SC) - 31.5%
    • Muslims - 26.9%
    • Sikhs - 6.2% (lowest)
  • The order from highest to lowest poverty percentage is: Scheduled Tribes (1) → Scheduled Castes (2) → Muslims (3) → Sikhs (4)

Additional Information

• Causes of High Poverty Among STs and SCs
  • Historical Disadvantage: Denied access to land, education, and skilled employment.
  • Geographical Isolation: Many STs live in remote areas with poor infrastructure.
  • Social Discrimination: Limited access to jobs, healthcare, and education.
• Sikhs Have the Lowest Poverty Rate
  • Higher engagement in agriculture and business.
  • Better social support systems and community welfare initiatives.
• Government Initiatives to Reduce Poverty
  • MGNREGA: Guarantees 100 days of rural employment.
  • Reservation Policies: Improve education and job access for STs and SCs.

The correct answer is - Oscar Lewis

Key Points

• Oscar Lewis
  • Oscar Lewis was an American anthropologist renowned for his studies of poverty.
  • He developed the concept of the "Culture of Poverty" in the 1960s.
  • This theory suggests that poverty is not just a result of economic factors but also a distinct subculture with its own structure and rationale.
  • Lewis's work was based on his field studies in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and other countries.
  • He argued that people in poverty develop a lifestyle that is passed down from generation to generation, making it difficult to escape poverty.

Additional Information

• Emile Durkheim
  • Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist and one of the principal architects of modern social science.He is best known for his theories on social integration and collective consciousness.
  • Durkheim's work primarily focused on how societies maintain order and coherence.
• Levi-Strauss
  • Claude Lévi-Strauss was a French anthropologist and ethnologist.
  • He is widely regarded as the father of structural anthropology.
  • Lévi-Strauss's work focused on the underlying structures of human thought and culture.
• William Julius Wilson
  • William Julius Wilson is an American sociologist known for his work on urban poverty and race.
  • His research examines the effects of social and economic changes on the inner-city poor.
  • Wilson has written extensively on the impact of joblessness and social isolation in urban ghettos.

The correct answer is A, B, C and D

Key PointsDimensions of Social Exclusion

• Exclusion from adequate income or resources
  • This dimension refers to the lack of sufficient financial means or material resources necessary for a decent standard of living.
  • Individuals or groups may be excluded from economic participation, leading to poverty and financial instability.
  • Hence, statement A is correct.
• Exclusion from the labour market
  • This dimension involves barriers to employment opportunities, which can include discrimination, lack of skills, or economic downturns.
  • Being excluded from the labour market can lead to long-term unemployment and social isolation.
  • Hence, statement B is correct.
• Exclusion from services
  • This dimension pertains to the inability to access essential services such as healthcare, education, and housing.
  • Access to these services is crucial for overall well-being and social inclusion.
  • Hence, statement C is correct.
• Exclusion from social relations
  • This dimension refers to the lack of participation in social networks and community activities.
  • Social exclusion can lead to feelings of isolation, loneliness, and decreased social support.
  • Hence, statement D is correct.

The correct answer is A, B and C only.

Key PointsCharles Murray's 'dependency culture' of poverty

• A. It refers to people who rely on government welfare provision rather than entering the labour market.
  • Charles Murray's concept of 'dependency culture' suggests that individuals become reliant on government welfare, which disincentivizes them from seeking employment.
  • Hence, statement A is correct.
• B. Murray contended that the growth of welfare state has created the subculture, which undermines personal ambition and people's capacity for self help.
  • Murray argued that an expansive welfare state fosters a subculture that diminishes personal ambition and self-reliance.
  • Hence, statement B is correct.
• C. Murray exempted those who are poor through 'no fault of their own' such as widow or disabled people.
  • Murray acknowledged that certain individuals, such as widows or disabled people, are poor due to circumstances beyond their control and should not be included in the 'dependency culture'.
  • Hence, statement C is correct.
• D. 'Dependency culture' is one consequence of people's constrained situation not cause of it.
  • According to Murray, 'dependency culture' itself is a cause of poverty, as it leads to a lack of motivation to improve one's situation. He did not view it merely as a consequence of constrained circumstances.
  • Hence, statement D is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Charles Murray
  • Charles Murray is a political scientist and author known for his controversial views on welfare and social policy.
  • His concept of 'dependency culture' has been influential in discussions about welfare reform and poverty alleviation.
  • Murray's work has sparked significant debate and criticism, particularly regarding its implications for social policy and its treatment of disadvantaged groups.

The correct answer is - 1-2-3-4

Key Points

• Poverty Percentage in Rural India (2011-12)
  • As per the NITI Aayog Report (2014), the poverty percentage for different communities was:
    • Scheduled Tribes (ST) - 45.3% (highest)
    • Scheduled Castes (SC) - 31.5%
    • Muslims - 26.9%
    • Sikhs - 6.2% (lowest)
  • The order from highest to lowest poverty percentage is: Scheduled Tribes (1) → Scheduled Castes (2) → Muslims (3) → Sikhs (4)

Additional Information

• Causes of High Poverty Among STs and SCs
  • Historical Disadvantage: Denied access to land, education, and skilled employment.
  • Geographical Isolation: Many STs live in remote areas with poor infrastructure.
  • Social Discrimination: Limited access to jobs, healthcare, and education.
• Sikhs Have the Lowest Poverty Rate
  • Higher engagement in agriculture and business.
  • Better social support systems and community welfare initiatives.
• Government Initiatives to Reduce Poverty
  • MGNREGA: Guarantees 100 days of rural employment.
  • Reservation Policies: Improve education and job access for STs and SCs.

The correct answer is A, B, C and D

Key PointsDimensions of Social Exclusion

• Exclusion from adequate income or resources
  • This dimension refers to the lack of sufficient financial means or material resources necessary for a decent standard of living.
  • Individuals or groups may be excluded from economic participation, leading to poverty and financial instability.
  • Hence, statement A is correct.
• Exclusion from the labour market
  • This dimension involves barriers to employment opportunities, which can include discrimination, lack of skills, or economic downturns.
  • Being excluded from the labour market can lead to long-term unemployment and social isolation.
  • Hence, statement B is correct.
• Exclusion from services
  • This dimension pertains to the inability to access essential services such as healthcare, education, and housing.
  • Access to these services is crucial for overall well-being and social inclusion.
  • Hence, statement C is correct.
• Exclusion from social relations
  • This dimension refers to the lack of participation in social networks and community activities.
  • Social exclusion can lead to feelings of isolation, loneliness, and decreased social support.
  • Hence, statement D is correct.

The correct answer is - 1-2-3-4

Key Points

• Poverty Percentage in Rural India (2011-12)
  • As per the NITI Aayog Report (2014), the poverty percentage for different communities was:
    • Scheduled Tribes (ST) - 45.3% (highest)
    • Scheduled Castes (SC) - 31.5%
    • Muslims - 26.9%
    • Sikhs - 6.2% (lowest)
  • The order from highest to lowest poverty percentage is: Scheduled Tribes (1) → Scheduled Castes (2) → Muslims (3) → Sikhs (4)

Additional Information

• Causes of High Poverty Among STs and SCs
  • Historical Disadvantage: Denied access to land, education, and skilled employment.
  • Geographical Isolation: Many STs live in remote areas with poor infrastructure.
  • Social Discrimination: Limited access to jobs, healthcare, and education.
• Sikhs Have the Lowest Poverty Rate
  • Higher engagement in agriculture and business.
  • Better social support systems and community welfare initiatives.
• Government Initiatives to Reduce Poverty
  • MGNREGA: Guarantees 100 days of rural employment.
  • Reservation Policies: Improve education and job access for STs and SCs.

The correct answer is - Oscar Lewis

Key Points

• Oscar Lewis
  • Oscar Lewis was an American anthropologist renowned for his studies of poverty.
  • He developed the concept of the "Culture of Poverty" in the 1960s.
  • This theory suggests that poverty is not just a result of economic factors but also a distinct subculture with its own structure and rationale.
  • Lewis's work was based on his field studies in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and other countries.
  • He argued that people in poverty develop a lifestyle that is passed down from generation to generation, making it difficult to escape poverty.

Additional Information

• Emile Durkheim
  • Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist and one of the principal architects of modern social science.He is best known for his theories on social integration and collective consciousness.
  • Durkheim's work primarily focused on how societies maintain order and coherence.
• Levi-Strauss
  • Claude Lévi-Strauss was a French anthropologist and ethnologist.
  • He is widely regarded as the father of structural anthropology.
  • Lévi-Strauss's work focused on the underlying structures of human thought and culture.
• William Julius Wilson
  • William Julius Wilson is an American sociologist known for his work on urban poverty and race.
  • His research examines the effects of social and economic changes on the inner-city poor.
  • Wilson has written extensively on the impact of joblessness and social isolation in urban ghettos.

The correct answer is A, B and C only.

Key PointsCharles Murray's 'dependency culture' of poverty

• A. It refers to people who rely on government welfare provision rather than entering the labour market.
  • Charles Murray's concept of 'dependency culture' suggests that individuals become reliant on government welfare, which disincentivizes them from seeking employment.
  • Hence, statement A is correct.
• B. Murray contended that the growth of welfare state has created the subculture, which undermines personal ambition and people's capacity for self help.
  • Murray argued that an expansive welfare state fosters a subculture that diminishes personal ambition and self-reliance.
  • Hence, statement B is correct.
• C. Murray exempted those who are poor through 'no fault of their own' such as widow or disabled people.
  • Murray acknowledged that certain individuals, such as widows or disabled people, are poor due to circumstances beyond their control and should not be included in the 'dependency culture'.
  • Hence, statement C is correct.
• D. 'Dependency culture' is one consequence of people's constrained situation not cause of it.
  • According to Murray, 'dependency culture' itself is a cause of poverty, as it leads to a lack of motivation to improve one's situation. He did not view it merely as a consequence of constrained circumstances.
  • Hence, statement D is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Charles Murray
  • Charles Murray is a political scientist and author known for his controversial views on welfare and social policy.
  • His concept of 'dependency culture' has been influential in discussions about welfare reform and poverty alleviation.
  • Murray's work has sparked significant debate and criticism, particularly regarding its implications for social policy and its treatment of disadvantaged groups.