Turkish conquest of India Ghaznavid Muhammad Ghuri MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Turkish conquest of India Ghaznavid Muhammad Ghuri - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Rajendra I.

Key Points

• Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of Chola king Rajendra I.
• He also raided the temples of overthrown rulers in the subcontinent throughout his conquests, taking their valuables and idols with him.
• At the time, Sultan Mahmud was not a very significant sultan.
• However, he attempted to establish himself as a great figure of Islam by destroying temples, particularly the one at Somnath.
• The majority of kings in Middle Ages political culture demonstrated their power and military might by assaulting and pillaging the temples of defeated rulers.

Important Points

• The Ghaznavid Empire was established by Mahmud of Ghazni, the first sultan in recorded history. His title indicated that the Caliph of Islam, who oversaw much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India, continued to be the political and religious head of the empire.
• Rajendra Chola I, also known as Gangaikonda Chola, Kadaram Kondan, and Rajendra the Great, was a Chola Emperor who ruled from 1014 until 1044 CE.
• Rajendra Chola II, also known as Rajendradeva Chola, was a Chola emperor who ruled from 1052 to 1064 CE. He was born in 997 CE. After his brother Rajadhiraja I was killed at the Battle of Koppam, he was named Rajendra to succeed him.
• Rajaraja Chola II was succeeded as ruler of the Cholas by Rajadhiraja Chola II (1166-1178 CE). Rajadhiraja II, a Vikrama Chola maternal grandson, was chosen by Rajaraja Chola II. as he was a sonless man.

Key Points

• At the time of the Arab invasion of Sind in 712 CE, the capital of Sind was Alor.
• Alor (also known as Aror) was an ancient city located near the Indus River in present-day Pakistan.
• This city served as a prominent center of administration and trade during the reign of the Rai and Brahman dynasties.
• In 712 CE, the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim led the conquest of Sind, defeating Raja Dahir, the ruler of Sind whose capital was Alor.

Additional Information

• Arab Invasion of Sind (712 CE)
  • The Arab invasion of Sind was led by Muhammad bin Qasim, a young Umayyad general.
  • This invasion marked the first large-scale Muslim incursion into the Indian subcontinent.
  • Muhammad bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir, the ruler of Sind, in the battle near the Indus River.
  • The conquest of Sind opened the doors for Islamic influence in the Indian subcontinent.
• Raja Dahir
  • Raja Dahir was the last Hindu ruler of Sind before the Arab conquest.
  • He belonged to the Brahman dynasty and ruled from his capital, Alor.
  • He is remembered as a brave but ultimately unsuccessful defender of his kingdom against the Arab invasion.
• Alor (Aror)
  • Alor, also known as Aror, was an ancient city located near the Indus River.
  • It served as the capital of Sind under the Rai and Brahman dynasties.
  • Today, Alor is identified with ruins near the modern-day city of Rohri in Sindh, Pakistan.
  • After the Arab conquest, the importance of Alor declined as new administrative centers were established.

The correct answer is Muhammed Bin Qasim.

Key Points

• Muhammed Bin Qasim was a young Arab general who led the Umayyad conquest of Sindh in 711 AD.
• He was appointed by Al-Hajjaj, the governor of Iraq, under the Umayyad Caliphate.
• The conquest was initiated after an incident involving the plundering of Arab merchant ships by pirates near the Sindh coast.
• Muhammed Bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir, the ruler of Sindh, in the Battle of Aror and annexed the region.
• Under his leadership, Sindh became a part of the Umayyad Caliphate's domain, marking the start of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent.

Additional Information

• Umayyad Caliphate:
  • The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate, established after the death of Prophet Muhammad.
  • Its capital was Damascus, and it expanded significantly under various rulers, including into parts of the Indian subcontinent.
  • The conquest of Sindh was part of the Umayyad's strategy to expand their empire eastward.
• Raja Dahir:
  • Raja Dahir was the last Hindu ruler of Sindh, known for his resistance against the Arab invasion.
  • He ruled from Alor (modern-day Sukkur, Pakistan) and was defeated by Muhammed Bin Qasim in 711 AD.
• Battle of Aror:
  • The Battle of Aror was fought between Muhammed Bin Qasim and Raja Dahir in 711 AD.
  • This decisive battle led to the fall of Sindh and its annexation into the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Impact of the Conquest:
  • The conquest of Sindh introduced Islamic governance, culture, and religion to the region.
  • It opened trade and communication routes between the Indian subcontinent and the Arab world.

The correct answer is Mahmud of Ghazni.

Key Points

• Mahmud of Ghazni in 1025 AD attacked and looted the Somnath Mandir located Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Saurashtra on the western coast of Gujarat.
• Mahmud of Ghazni was the ruler of Afghanistan.
• The plundered Somnath Mandir was rebuilt by the Paramara king Bhoja of Malwa and the Solanki king Bhimdev I of Anhilwara between 1026 and 1042 AD.
• Mahmud of Ghazni was a Turkish conqueror who attacked India 17 times between 1000 to 1027 AD.
• The biggest invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni was in 1027 AD wherein he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat.
• In all his 17 invasions, a number of dynasties were conquered by him.

The correct answer is 1739.

Important Points In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked Delhi.

• The Battle of Karnal, was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India.
• Nadir Shah advanced towards India in 1738. He captured the western frontiers of the Mughal Empire such as Kabul, Ghazni, and Lahore in 1739.
• The two forces of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal. At the battle of Karnal on 13 February 1739, Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces.
• The battle lasted for less than three hours and the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah surrendered. Both the rulers now entered Delhi on 12 March 1739 and Delhi was handed over to Nadir Shah, along with all its treasures.
• In 1739, Nadir Shah, the emperor of Iran, conquered and enslaved the city of Delhi and took away immense quantities of money.

Additional Information

• The whole city of Delhi was destroyed, looted, plundered, and ruined by the army of Nadir Shah.
• Nadir Shah took with him the Peacock throne built by Shah Jahan. He also took the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
• Besides this, he plundered gold worth 10 million rupees, 600 million rupees worth of jewelry, and coins worth 6 million rupees.
• Historians said that his overall collection after invading India, was 700 million rupees worth, including 7000 craftsmen, 200 carpenters, 100 stone-cutters, and thousands of elephants, horses, and camels, which he took with him to Persia.

Hence, Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739.

The correct answer is Mohammad Ghori.

Key Points

• The Battle of Tarain was between the Ghurids against the Chahamanas.
  • The Ghurids were led by Mohammad Ghori.
  • The Chahamanas were led by Prithvi Raj Chauhan.
  • Two Battles happened as a part of the Battle of Tarain.
    • Location: Taraori near Karnal.
  • The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191.
    • The Chahamana king Prithiviraj Chauhan defeated Ghurid king Mohammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain.
  • The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192.
    • The Ghurid king Mohammad Ghori defeated the Chahamana king Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain.
    • Prithvi Raj Chauhan was defeated at the hands of Mohammad Ghori in the battle of Tarain, 1192.
• Prithviraj Chauhan is widely considered the "the last Hindu emperor".

Additional Information

• Harun al-Rashid was the 5th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.
• Abu Bakr was the 1st Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• Umar II was the 8th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate.

The correct answer is 17.

Key Points

• Mahmud of Ghazni was a Turkish conqueror who attacked India 17 times between 1000 to 1027 AD.
• The biggest invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni was in 1025 AD wherein he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat.
• In all his 17 invasions, a number of dynasties were conquered by him.

Additional Information

• Al-Biruni was an Iranian scholar and polymath. He was from Khwarezm — a region that encompasses modern-day western Uzbekistan, and northern Turkmenistan.
• The scholar was entrusted by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to write an account of the subcontinent.
• Kitab al-Hind is a book written by Al-Beruni and is an important source of Historians.

The correct answer is Prithviraj Chauhan.

Key Points

• The Rajput ruler Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 AD.
• Near Tarain, in 1191, the invading Ghurid army led by Muhammad of Ghor and the Rajput confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan fought the First Battle of Tarain, also known as the First Battle of Taroari (modern Taraori in Haryana, India).
• The Rajputs won the battle decisively, but Shihabuddin managed to flee and return to Ghor.
• After the Ghorid armies were routed, they retreated to the Ghazni, leaving a garrison of 2,000 soldiers under Zia ud-Din Tulaki to secure the fort of Tabarhind and delay the Rajput army for thirteen months, during this time Shahabuddin raised a stronger army of 120,000 men and invaded again, leading to the Second Battle of Tarain.

Important Points

• Prithviraj III, also known as Prithviraj Chauhan, was a monarch of the Chauhan (Chahamana) dynasty who controlled the Sapadalaksha region, with his capital in Ajmer, Rajasthan.
• He inherited an empire that stretched from Thanesar in the north to Jahazpur (Mewar) in the south, which he sought to expand through military campaigns against neighbouring kingdoms, particularly the Chandelas.
• Muhammad Ghori's initial raids were against Multan and the citadel of Uch in 1175, with the goal of reuniting the Muslim nations of India.

Additional Information

• Rao Maldeo Rathore was a Marwar monarch from the Rathore family who controlled the kingdom of Marwar, which is now part of the state of Rajasthan.
• Maharana Kumbha, also known as Kumbhakarna Singh, was the Maharana of the Mewar kingdom in India.
• Bappa Rawal was the monarch of Rajasthan, India's Mewar kingdom. 

The correct answer is 1227.

Key Points

• Genghis Khan, original name Temüjin, (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227), was a Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia.
• Genghis Khan died in 1227, having spent most of his life in military combat.
• His military achievements were astounding and they were largely a result of his ability to innovate and transform different aspects of steppe combat into extremely effective military strategies. 

• Between 18 to Aug. 25, 1227, during Genghis Khan's last campaign against the Western Xia, he felt unwell with a fever that ultimately killed him within eight days after the disease's onset.

The correct answer is Chahamana.

Key Points

• Prithvirāja III, popularly known as Prithviraj Chauhan, was an Indian king from the Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty.
• From his very early years, Prithvi Raj showed his sharpness and brilliance by learning all military skills.
• It was believed he mastered the skills of aiming the target based on its sound, known as the “Shabdbhedi” technique.
• He succeeded to the throne of Ajmer at the age of thirteen, in 1179, after the demise of his father in a battle.
• Prithviraj’s grandfather Angam, the ruler of Delhi, declared Prithviraj Chauhan the heir to the throne of Delhi.

Additional Information

Prithviraj Chauhan’s Battles

• ​As Prithviraj was still a minor when he ascended the throne, his mother, Karpuradevi, was his regent.
• Prithviraj’s historical wars and victories over Chandela kings in 1182 A.D. were significant in fetching immense riches to his treasury.
• Prithvi Raj battled against Mohammed Ghori the Afghan ruler in 1191 at the first battle of terrain and emerges victorious.

• After capturing Prithviraj Chauhan, Muhammad of Ghor reinstated him as a Ghurid vassal.
• This theory is supported by the fact that coins issued by Prithviraj after the battle of Tarain had his own name on one side and Muhammad’s name on the other.
• During its peak, the empire of Prithviraj Chauhan extended from the foothills of the Himalayan in the north to the foothills of Mount Abu in the south.
• Prithviraj Raso was written by Chand Bardai.

The correct answer is Shahabuddin alias Muizuddin Muhammad Ghori.

Key Points

Muhammad of Ghori (1149 – 1206 CE)

• He was the third Muslim ruler who invaded India.
• His real name was Shahabuddin alias Muizuddin Muhammad Ghori.
• Muhammad of Ghori was defeated by Prithviraj in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 A.D. and recovered Bhatinda.
• In the second battle of Tarain (1192 A.D.), the joined forces of the Rajput rulers under Prithviraj were defeated by Muhammad of Ghori. Prithviraj was held as a prisoner and later put to death.
• The Turkish rule began for the first time in Indian history with the end of The Second Battle of Tarain.
• Qutb-Ud-din Aibak was appointed as the commander by Muhammad of Ghori.

The correct answer is seventh.Key Points

• The holy Quran's teachings were originally introduced to India in the seventh century by traders and emigrants.
• Muslims embrace the oneness of God, Allah, and view the Quran as their holy scripture.
• All those who believe in Allah are welcomed by his love, mercy, and bounty regardless of their social background.
• The collaborators, who had preserved or documented portions of the prophet's words, put the Quran together shortly after the prophet's death.

Additional Information

• When using the Julian calendar in BC, the seventh century corresponds to the years 601 to 700.
• The unification of Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad beginning in 622 marked the beginning of the spread of Islam and the victories of the Muslims.
• The Sasanian Realm was defeated as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century.
• Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Egypt, and North Africa were all also defeated in the seventh century.
• In the seventh century, traders and nomads introduced the Sacred Quran to India.

The correct answer is Rajendra I.

Key Points

• Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of Chola king Rajendra I.
• He also raided the temples of overthrown rulers in the subcontinent throughout his conquests, taking their valuables and idols with him.
• At the time, Sultan Mahmud was not a very significant sultan.
• However, he attempted to establish himself as a great figure of Islam by destroying temples, particularly the one at Somnath.
• The majority of kings in Middle Ages political culture demonstrated their power and military might by assaulting and pillaging the temples of defeated rulers.

Important Points

• The Ghaznavid Empire was established by Mahmud of Ghazni, the first sultan in recorded history. His title indicated that the Caliph of Islam, who oversaw much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India, continued to be the political and religious head of the empire.
• Rajendra Chola I, also known as Gangaikonda Chola, Kadaram Kondan, and Rajendra the Great, was a Chola Emperor who ruled from 1014 until 1044 CE.
• Rajendra Chola II, also known as Rajendradeva Chola, was a Chola emperor who ruled from 1052 to 1064 CE. He was born in 997 CE. After his brother Rajadhiraja I was killed at the Battle of Koppam, he was named Rajendra to succeed him.
• Rajaraja Chola II was succeeded as ruler of the Cholas by Rajadhiraja Chola II (1166-1178 CE). Rajadhiraja II, a Vikrama Chola maternal grandson, was chosen by Rajaraja Chola II. as he was a sonless man.

The correct answer is 1191.

Key Points

• The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Muhammad Ghori and Prithiviraj Chauhan and their allies, near Tarain.
• Ghori captured Bathinda and this brought him to the Northwestern frontier kingdom of Prithiviraj Chauhan.
• All Hindu Kings of north India formed a confederacy under the command of Prithiviraj Chauhan.
• Prithviraj's army lead by Govind Tai marched on to  Bathinda and fought with the Ghori army at Tarain.
• Ghori was wounded in a personal battle with Govind Tai and the Ghori army retreated and given the victory to Prithviraj Chauhan.

Important Points

• The Second Battle of Tarain (located in the present-day Haryana state) was fought in the year 1192.
• In 1192, Ghori returned and defeated and killed Prithviraj, who was betrayed by Jai Chand, on the same field.
• Delhi was occupied in 1192–93, and the whole of north India fell into Muslim hands within 20 years.
• The Turkish rule was the beginning of the Muslim rule in India which continued for more than 7 centuries.

The correct answer is 17.Key Points

• The Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked ancient India seventeen times.
• He was the first Turkish to attack India.
• He attacked and looted India seventeen times from year 1000 to 1027 AD.
• His attacks mainly focussed on rich and wealthy cities and temples like Mathura, Dwarika to collect money for making his capital
  in Ghazni, present-day Afghanistan.
• His biggest and last invasion of India was of the Somnath temple in 1025.

• Firdausi and Alberuni were the court scholars of his Mahmud Ghaznavi.
• Al-Beruni was a scholar who came to India along with Mahmud Ghazni.
• Al-Beruni wrote a book on the Indian sub-continent named Kitab-Ul-Hind.