Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Explanation:

Solar constant:

• Solar constant, the total radiation energy received from the sun per unit of time per unit of area on a theoretical surface perpendicular to the sun’s rays and at earth’s mean distance from the sun. It is most accurately measured from satellites where atmospheric effects are absent.
• The value of the constant is approximately 1.366 kW/m² or 1367 W/m².
• The “constant” is fairly constant, increasing by only 0.2% at the peak of each 11-year solar cycle.

Explanation:

Wind power:

• The production of electricity from wind is known as wind power. The fundamental energy flow of the atmosphere that results from the Sun's uneven heating of the Earth's surface is harvested by wind power. Thus, harnessing solar energy through wind energy is a secondary method. Wind turbines transform wind energy into electrical energy.
•  The three main factors that influence power output are wind speed, air density, and blade radius.
• Wind speed largely determines the amount of electricity generated by a turbine. Higher wind speeds generate more power because stronger winds allow the blades to rotate faster.
• Turbines are designed to operate within a specific range of wind speeds. The limits of the range are known as the cut-in speed and cut-out speed.
• The cut-in speed is the point at which the wind turbine is able to generate power. Between the cut-in speed and the rated speed, where the maximum output is reached, the power output will increase cubically with wind speed.
• \(P \propto N^3~\)
• if wind speed doubles, the power output will increase 8 times. This cubic relationship is what makes wind speed such an important factor for wind power.

Additional InformationCut-in velocity: It is the speed at which the turbine starts generating power.

Cut-out velocity: It is the velocity at which the turbine is shut off for safety reasons, at this speed the blades may rotate but do not produce any power.

Concept:

Wave Energy:

Wave machine converts ocean energy into mechanical energy and in turn converts into electrical energy.

Wave energy is due to to-and-fro or up-and-down motion of ocean water particles in the form of progressive waves, which are periodic, regular and consistent.

Wave possesses K.E and P.E and due to ocean surface winds, they travel in the direction of wind towards the shore.

Waves form due to local winds or planetary winds, storms, gusts etc.

Tidal Energy:

Tides are periodic rise and fall of ocean water level, which occur twice generally in each lunar day. The gravitational pull of moon and to a lesser extent the sun, on the earth gives rise to a bulge in the oceans on side facing the moon.

On the opposite side of the earth the second bulge creates centrifugal force due to its rotation.

The two bulges are high tides and the areas between them are low tides. Tidal energy harnesses the K.E of the ebb and flow of the tides.

Comparison:

Tides are driven by the moon’s rotation around the earth and the waves are driven by the wind blowing across the surface of the water.

The main difference is probably the period i.e., tides have a period of several hours, since there are one or two tidal peaks in a day, because it takes a while for the moon to get around the earth, while waves have a short period of seconds. 

There are basically two sources of energy:-

Hence, the non-conventional source of energy from the option is wind.

Explanation:

Tidal Energy

• The periodic rise and fall of the water level of the sea(Ocean waves), which are carried by the action of the sun and the moon on water of the earth are called the tide. Tidal energy can furnish a significant portion of all such energies which are renewable in nature. The large scale up and down movement of the seawater represents an unlimited source of energy.
• If some part of this vast energy of ocean waves some energy can be converted into electrical energy.

Solar Energy

• The surface of the earth receives from the sun about 10¹⁴ kW of solar energy, which is approximately five orders of magnitude greater than currently being consumed from all resources. The solar collector is used to catching solar radiation for harnessing solar energy for various purposes.
• A solar collector is a mechanical gadget, which catches the brilliant solar energy for use as a wellspring of energy for the heating of water or the generation of power.

There are four principle classifications of solar collectors.

• Low temperature unglazed
• Concentrating
• Flat plate
• Evacuated tube

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy is primarily energy from the earth’s own interior.
• The natural heat in the earth has manifested itself for thousands of years in the form of volcanoes, lava flows, hot springs and geysers.
• The interior of the earth consists of a central molten core surrounded by the region of semi-fluid material called the mantle.
• This is covered by the crust, which has a depth of 30 – 90 km. The temperature in the crust increases with the depth at the rate of about 30°C/km below the crust.

Gobar gas plant

• An alternative way of obtaining gaseous fuel is through the anaerobic digestion of wet livestock waste to produce biogas, a mixture of methane (40% to 70%), and carbon dioxide. The production of biogas is of particular significance for India because of its large cattle population.

Correct option - 4

India's rank in different energy production area - 

• Headquarter of National Institute of Wind Energy is located in Chennai. 
• Minister of New and Renewable energy - Raj Kumar Singh (IC).

Concept:

While the solar radiation incident on the Earth's atmosphere is relatively constant, the radiation at the Earth's surface varies widely due to:

1. atmospheric effects, including absorption and scattering;
2. local variations in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, clouds, and pollution;
3. latitude of the location; and
4. the season of the year and the time of day.

The above effects have several impacts on the solar radiation received at the Earth's surface.

These changes include variations in the overall power received, the spectral content of the light, and the angle from which light is incident on a surface.

In addition, a key change is that the variability of the solar radiation at a particular location increases dramatically. The variability is due to both local effects such as clouds and seasonal variations, as well as other effects such as the length of the day at a particular latitude.

• Desert regions tend to have lower variations due to local atmospheric phenomena such as clouds.
• Equatorial regions have low variability between seasons.
• The amount of energy reaching the surface of the Earth every hour is greater than the amount of energy used by the Earth's population over an entire year.

• Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.
• It is generally used in wind turbines.​

• It indicates the speed of a vehicle.
• Used generally in vehicles.

• An anemometer is a device that is used to measure wind speed in the atmosphere.
• It is commonly used at weather stations.

The correct answer is the geothermal power plant.

Key Points

• In India, Northwestern Himalayas and the western coast are considered geothermal areas.
• The USA has the world’s largest geothermal power plants followed by New Zealand, Iceland, the Philippines, and Central America.
• The Puga valley in the Ladakh region has the most promising geothermal field. 
• Puga Valley in the Ladakh region is one of the areas in India, that showed significant potential for geothermal energy in early studies by the Indian government.
• Puga lies in the south-eastern part of Ladakh and forms a part of the Himalayan geothermal belt. 
• This zone shows evidence of geothermal activity in the form of hot springs, mud pools, sulfur, and borax deposits.
• Thus Puga Valley of Ladakh has a geothermal power plant.

Additional Information 

• The Geological Survey of India has already identified more than 350 hot spring sites, which can be explored as areas to tap geothermal energy.
• Geothermal energy can pose several environmental problems which include on-site noise, emissions of gas, and disturbance at drilling sites.
• The steam contains hydrogen sulfide gas, which has the odor of rotten eggs and causes air pollution.
• The minerals in the steam are also toxic to fish and they are corrosive to pipes, and equipment, requiring constant maintenance.
• To promote wider geothermal energy development, IRENA coordinates and facilitates the work of the Global Geothermal Alliance (GGA) – a platform for enhanced dialogue and knowledge sharing for coordinated action to increase the share of installed geothermal electricity and heat generation.

Concept:

Solar collectors are used to collect the solar energy and convert the incident radiations into thermal energy by absorbing them.

Flat plate collector is non concentrating type collector and its main components are,

(a) Insulated Box:

The rectangular box is made of thin G.I sheet and is insulated from sides and bottom using glass or mineral wool of thickness 5 to 8 cm to reduce losses from conduction to back and side wall.

The box is tilted at due south and a tilt angle depends on the latitude of location.

(b) Transparent Cover:

This allows solar energy to pass through and reduces the convective heat losses from the absorber plate through air space. The transparent tampered glass cover is placed on top of rectangular box to trap the solar energy and sealed by rubber gaskets to prevent the leakage of hot air.

It is made of plastic/glass but glass is most favourable because of its transmittance and low surface degradation.

(c) Absorber Plate:

It intercepts and absorbs the solar energy. It is the most important part of collector along with the tubes products passing the liquid or air to be heated.

The plate absorbs the maximum solar radiation incident on it through glazing (cover plate) and transfers the heat to the tubes in contact with minimum heat losses to atmosphere.

The plate is black painted and provided with selective material coating to increase its absorption and reduce the emission.

The absorber plate has high absorption (80-95%) and low transmission/reflection.

(d) Tubes:

The plate is attached to a series of parallel tubes or one serpentine tube through which water or other liquid passes.

The main objective of the tubes is to absorb maximum radiation from absorber plate and transfer it to the flowing fluid through natural convection (thermo-syphon) for domestic application and by force convection for commercial application.