Research Basic MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Research Basic - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The Correct answer is (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Key PointsAssertion (A): In social research, a high proportion of refusals to answer research always occurs solely due to inadequate interview instructions or poor interview training.

• Assertion (A) claims that a high proportion of refusals to answer research always occurs solely due to inadequate interview instructions or poor interview training.
• However, this assertion is false because refusals to answer research can occur due to various reasons, including respondent reluctance, privacy concerns, survey fatigue, or disagreement with the study's objectives, among others.
• While inadequate interview instructions or poor training may contribute to refusals, they are not the sole reasons.

Reason (R): Within the questionnaire or interview, even a substantive number of questions often remain unanswered making difficult for the researcher to state an exact figure and forcing him to restudy the questions carefully as fault might lie upon a poor transition.

• Reason (R) states that within a questionnaire or interview, a substantive number of questions often remain unanswered, making it difficult for the researcher to determine an exact figure.
• This reason is true because unanswered questions can lead to data incompleteness and may require the researcher to carefully review the questions to identify any faults in question design or transitions.

The Correct answer is A and C.

Key Points

• A research report serves as a detailed record of research activities and outcomes, akin to historical records that allow readers to understand the process without distortion.
• Various style manuals offer guidance on formatting research reports, ensuring consistency and clarity in presentation.
• While specific guidelines may vary across institutions, most research reports adhere to a common structure outlined in three main sections: the preliminary section, the body of the report, and the reference section.

​Preliminary Section:

• Title page
• Preface, including acknowledgments if necessary
• Table of contents
• List of tables
• List of figures, maps, or illustrations if applicable

Body of the Report:

• Introduction:
  • Statement of the problem
  • Review of previous research
  • Connection of current problem to theoretical framework
  • Significance of the problemStudy limitations and assumptions
  • Hypotheses formulation
  • Definition of key terms
  • Research design and methodology
• Data Collection:
  • Description of data collection instruments
  • Sampling methods and procedures
• Data Analysis and Interpretation:
  • Presentation of textual analysis
  • Inclusion of tables and figures if necessary
• Summary and Conclusions:
  • Brief overview of the problem and methodology
  • Key findings and implications
  • Recommendations for further research

Reference Section:

• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Index if required

The Correct answer is A, B and C.

Key Points

• The primary aim of preparing a research report is to communicate key aspects of the study to the audience.
• This includes outlining the problem investigated, detailing the methods employed to address it, presenting the findings obtained, and drawing conclusions based on those results.
• Such reports serve as valuable resources for disseminating scholarly insights into professional practices, facilitating improvements in educational endeavors within institutions, and contributing to the existing body of knowledge.
• Additionally, research reports are essential components of postgraduate courses and advanced degree programs, serving as the culmination of academic endeavors conducted under the guidance of mentors or faculty advisors.
• The purposes of research reports encompass various objectives, including:
  • Dissemination of Findings: Sharing research outcomes with the academic community and beyond.
  • Reference and Review: Providing reference material for future studies and literature reviews.
  • Utilization of Recommendations: Offering guidance for decision-making based on research recommendations.
  • Replication of Methods: Facilitating the replication of research methods in diverse contexts.
  • Sharing Experiences: Serving as a medium to exchange research experiences and results.

The Correct answer is ​Both (A) and (R) are True.

Key PointsAssertion (A): Research is a total process consisting of a series of steps.

• Research indeed involves a series of steps, making it a comprehensive process aimed at systematically investigating a topic or issue to discover new information or validate existing knowledge.
• These steps typically include defining the research problem, conducting a literature review, formulating hypotheses or research questions, designing the research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting the findings, and communicating the results.

Reason (R): Sometimes, several steps are carried out simultaneously.

• However, while research is often depicted as a linear process where each step follows the next sequentially, it's important to recognize that in practice, researchers may engage in multiple steps simultaneously or even revisit earlier steps based on new insights or findings.
• This iterative nature of research allows for flexibility and adaptation to evolving circumstances, methodologies, or understandings of the research problem.
• Thus, while there is a logical progression to research, it is not always strictly linear, and researchers may navigate through the steps in various ways depending on the nature of their study and the insights gained along the way.

The Correct answer is Positivism.

Key Points

• Positivism underscores the significance of objective observation and measurement in the pursuit of knowledge.
• Quantitative methods align with this philosophy, as they involve the gathering and analysis of numerical data.
• Positivists assert that genuine knowledge is attainable solely through scientific investigation.
• They contend that the social world operates under discernible laws that can be revealed through observation and experimentation.
• Quantitative methods serve as a means to unveil these laws and formulate theories about the social realm.

Additional Information

• Constructivism:
  • ​This philosophical perspective contends that knowledge is actively constructed by individuals based on their experiences and interactions with the world.
  • Constructivists argue that reality is shaped by human perceptions and interpretations, and there is no single objective truth.
• Interpretivism:
  • ​This philosophy emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior within its social and cultural context.
  • Interpretivists believe that individuals' subjective experiences and interpretations are crucial for comprehending social phenomena.
  • They advocate for qualitative research methods that delve into the complexities of human behavior and meaning-making.
• Symbolism:
  • Symbolism, from a philosophical perspective, focuses on the role of symbols and language in shaping human understanding and interactions.
  • Symbolism highlights the significance of shared cultural symbols and meanings in the construction of social reality.
  • It emphasizes the study of symbols and their impact on human behavior and society. 

The Correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

Explanation:

• Statement (I): A good researcher should have a spirit of free inquiry, which means they should be curious and willing to explore new ideas and concepts.
  • Statement (I) emphasizes the importance of a spirit of free inquiry in a good researcher, which entails being curious, open-minded, and willing to explore new ideas and concepts.
  • This quality is crucial as it encourages researchers to think creatively, ask critical questions, and challenge existing knowledge, leading to the development of new theories and perspectives.
• Statement (II): They should also have a reliance on observation and evidence, which means they should be able to gather data and analyze it in order to draw conclusions.
  • ​Statement (II) highlights the necessity for researchers to rely on observation and evidence in their work.
  • This quality ensures that researchers gather reliable data, meticulously analyze it and draw conclusions based on empirical evidence.
  • By emphasizing the importance of observation and evidence, researchers can maintain the integrity and credibility of their research findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.

Additional Information

• Qualities of a good researcher typically include:
  • Curiosity
  • Critical thinking
  • Open-mindedness
  • Attention to detail
  • Analytical skills
  • Persistence
  • Ethical conduct
  • Communication skills

The Correct answer is Random House Dictionary of the English Language.

Key Points

• Definition of Research:
  • According to the Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Research is a systematic inquiry into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, etc.
  • Webster’s Third International Dictionary of the English Language defines research as “studious inquiry or examination, especially critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts, and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or practical applications of new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws.”
  • Best and Kahn, in their book Research in Education, define research “as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalization, principles or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events.”
  • Busha in his publication Research Methods in Librarianship says that Research is “a systematic quest for knowledge that is characterized by disciplined inquiry. An efficient and effective approach to expand knowledge is the conduct of special, planned, and structured investigations.”
  • Ranganathan describes research as representing a critical and exhaustive investigation to discover new facts, to interpret them in the light of known ideas, theories, and laws, to revive the current laws and theories in the light of the newly discovered facts to apply the conclusion to practical purpose.

Additional Information

• Cook outlines research as an honest, exhaustive, intelligent search for facts and their meanings or implications, with reference to a problem. He sees the word ‘Research’ as an acronym, each letter of the word, standing for a particular aspect as given below:
  • R = Rational way of thinking
  • E = Expert and Exhaustive treatment
  • S = Search and solution
  • E = Exactness
  • A = Analysis
  • R = Relationship of facts
  • C = Critical observation, Careful panning, Constructive attitude, and Condensed generalization
  • H = Honesty and Hard working

The Correct answer is A, B, and C.

Key Points

• The essential qualities of a researcher are:
  • Spirit of free inquiry:
    • Researchers should possess a spirit of curiosity and a willingness to explore various ideas and perspectives without bias, fostering an environment conducive to the discovery of new knowledge and insights.
  • Reliance on observation and evidence:
    • ​A researcher must rely on empirical data and evidence to support their hypotheses and conclusions.
    • Observational skills and the ability to analyze and interpret data accurately are crucial in conducting credible and valuable research.
  • Systematization of knowledge:
    • ​Systematizing knowledge involves organizing and categorizing information in a logical and coherent manner.
    • Researchers should be capable of synthesizing complex data and information to develop comprehensive and structured research findings.

Additional Information Other Qualities Include

• Analytical thinking:
  • ​Researchers must possess the ability to analyze complex information critically, identify patterns, and draw logical conclusions from their data.
• Perseverance:
  • ​Conducting research often involves facing setbacks and challenges.
  • The ability to persist in the face of obstacles is crucial for achieving meaningful results.
• Ethical conduct:
  • ​ Upholding ethical standards is imperative for maintaining the integrity of the research process, including the responsible handling of data, respect for subjects' rights, and truthful reporting of results.
• Collaboration:
  • ​Effective collaboration with peers and experts in related fields can enhance the quality and impact of research, fostering a diverse and well-rounded perspective on complex problems.
• Attention to detail:
  • ​Attentiveness to detail ensures accuracy in data collection, analysis, and reporting, reducing the likelihood of errors that could compromise the validity of research findings.
• Adaptability:
  • ​The research landscape is constantly evolving.
  • Researchers must be adaptable to new methodologies, technologies, and emerging trends in their field to stay relevant and make valuable contributions.
• Communication skills:
  • ​Clear and effective communication is essential for disseminating research findings to a wider audience, including fellow researchers, policymakers, and the general public.

The Correct answer is Zenix.

Key Points

• To demonstrate that librarianship is a science S.R. Ranganathan (1892-1972) in the second edition of his classic Five Laws of Library Science (1957) added a chapter entitled “Spiral of Scientific Method”
• Structure of the Spiral
  • The spiral moves forward in a clockwise direction.
  • The lowest end of the vertical line is called the nadir – literally means the lowest point.
  • The upper end of the vertical line is called Zenith –the highest point.
  • The left horizontal line is called Ascendency i.e., going upwards.
  • The right end of the horizontal line is called descendent – which means going downwards.
• In this first quadrant (called the empirical phase) data is collected empirically and the problem may be refined further.
• In the second quadrant (called the hypothesis phase) the data is collected, tabulated, classified, and analyzed.
• In the third quadrant (called the deductive phase) laws are deduced with the help of deductive logic.
• The fourth quadrant is also known as the verification phase. Here the laws formulated in the third quadrant are tested and verified, and further, some higher generalizations may be drawn.