Water Conservation Techniques MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Water Conservation Techniques - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

• Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain. 
• The water is usually collected from rooftops and other hard surfaces.
• It is one of the reliable ways to conserve water.

Explanation:

• Rajasthan is an area with lower rainfall.
• From ancient times, rainwater harvesting methods are used.
• This is done by a special method by making tanks (tanka).
• To build a tanka, a pit is dug in the courtyard and it is made pucca.
• The tanka is kept covered with a lid.
• The roof of the house is made sloping so that the rainwater collected here flows through a pipe into the tanka.
• A sieve is attached to the mouth of the pipe so that no dirt goes into the tanka.
• This water is used for drinking after it is cleaned.
• Palar water is the term used for stored water in Rajasthan.
• There are many tankis and kunds build for storing rainwater.

Thus, in the local Rajasthani language stored water is called palar water.

Important Points

Advantages of rainwater harvesting:

• Promotes water conservation.
• Help meet the demand.
• Simple and easy to operate.
• Helps in reducing the use of potable water.

Additional Information

Khadin:

• A khadin, is also called a dhora.
• It is an ingenious construction designed to harvest surface runoff water for agriculture.
• Its main feature is a very long (100-300 m) earthen embankment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands.
• Sluices and spillways allow excess water to drain off.
• The khadin system is based on the principle of harvesting rainwater on farmland and subsequent use of this water-saturated land for crop production.
• First designed by the Paliwal Brahmins of Jaisalmer, western Rajasthan in the 15th century.
• Since the 15th century, people of extremely dry Western Rajasthan around the Jaisalmer region follow this traditional runoff farming.
• In highly arid areas of the Thar desert khadin cultivation is done.
• In this, the rainwater harvesting in the lower reaches during Kharif is used for rabi crops cultivation.
• It helps in the recharge of groundwater.
• However, the crop productivity of khadin cultivation remains low due to edapho-climatic constraints including nutrients deficiency, salt encrustation, sodicity and waterlogging.

The correct answer is 10-100 ha.

• watershed: Watershed is that land of an area that drains or contributes runoff to a common outlay.
• The Watershed technique is used in rainfed areas.

Important Points

Additional Information

• Objective of Watershed management:
  • Production of food, fodder, and fuel.
  • Pollution control.
  • Overexploitation of resources should be minimized.
  • Water storage, flood control, checking sedimentation.
  • Wildlife preservation.
  • Erosion control and prevention of soil, degradation, and conservation of soil and water.
  • Employment generation through industrial development dairy fishery production.
  • Recharging of groundwater to provide regular water supply for consumption and industry as well as irrigation.
  • Recreational facilities.

The correct answer is Drip irrigation.

• Drip irrigation practice leads to maximum water conservation.
  • It delivers water and nutrients directly to the plant’s roots zone.

Key Points

• Drip irrigation:
  • Each dripper emits drops containing water and fertilizers, resulting in the uniform application of water and nutrients directly to each plant's root zone, across an entire field.
  • Water and nutrients are delivered across the field in pipes called ‘dripper lines’.
• Sprinkler irrigation:
  • Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water.
  • Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping.
  • It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops that fall to the ground.

 Additional Information

• A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power.

Concept:

• Rajasthan faces a shortage of water due to less rainfall.
• Hence, the people of Rajasthan have developed many ways to conserve water since ancient times.
• Lakes and johads were made to collect water.
• Some water from the lakes soaked into the ground and reached the wells and bavoris (stepwell). 
• Step wells (baori) are the traditional method of water conservation.

Explanation:

• Stepwells are so-called because they have steps that lead to the reserve of water.
• In ancient time, step-wells were built to provide water to travellers.
• These step wells were built beautifully.
• Some of them can still be traced.

A. They are a traditional system of water storage and conservation. - Correct

B. They were used as a community resource. - Correct

C. They are found/constructed mainly in rain-parched states. - Correct

D. They contain only contaminated water. - Incorrect (These water are useful for many purposes including drinking so not contaminated)

Key Points

• The total utilisable water resource in the country is only 1,122 cubic km.
• India ranks 133 in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum. 
• Thus, it is very important to conserve water.
• Water conservation includes all strategies, policies, methods and rules made in order to conserve water not just for the present but the future as well.
• Dams, reservoirs, rainwater harvesting, step-wells, canals are all included in water conservation.
• Archaeological and historical records show that from ancient times we have been constructing sophisticated hydraulic structures like dams built of stone rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments and canals for irrigation.

Conservation of water refers to the preservation, control, development and management of water and its resources. It is the strategies and activities made to manage freshwater and protect the water environment.

Important Points 

​ The methods of conservation of water are as follows:

• Properly lined irrigation canals- An important reason for lining a canal can be the reduction in water losses, as water losses in unlined irrigation canals can be high. Lining a canal will not completely eliminate these losses, but roughly 60 to 80% of the water that is lost in unlined irrigation canals can be saved by a hard-surface lining.
• Drip irrigation- This method of irrigation is gaining popularity in areas with a scarcity of water. Narrow pipes with small holes are laid on the fields. When water flows through the pipes, it drips at the place of the roots of the plants. The roots absorb the water and supply it to the plants. Furthermore, no water is wasted in this method.
• Sprinklers- It is an easy and simple method of irrigation nowadays.
  • Water is provided to the fields by spraying water droplets, similar to rain, through pipes.
  • Any loss of water is avoided in the sprinkler system.
  • The problem of waterlogging is not present in this system.
  • The balance of groundwater is also maintained.
• Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve rainwater by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying of rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks, roads, open grounds, etc. for later use.

Thus, A, B, and D statements are correct.

The correct answer is Irrigation. Key Points

• Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for future use.
• The most suitable application of rainwater harvesting is irrigation, which has the following advantages:
• Reduces water bills:
  • Irrigation accounts for a significant portion of water usage in households and industries.
  • By using rainwater for irrigation, one can reduce their water bills and save money.
• Conserves water:
  • ​Rainwater harvesting helps in conserving water as it reduces the demand for freshwater, which is a scarce resource in many regions.
• Environmentally friendly:
  • Rainwater harvesting is an environmentally friendly practice as it reduces the strain on freshwater sources and helps in replenishing groundwater.
• Improves soil quality:
  • Rainwater is free from chemicals and additives, which makes it an ideal source of water for plants.
  • It also helps in improving soil quality and fertility.

Additional Information

• Using rainwater for cooking is not a suitable application of rainwater harvesting as the water may not be suitable for drinking without proper treatment.
• Using rainwater for pets is not a suitable application of rainwater harvesting as the water may contain harmful bacteria and parasites that can cause health problems.
• Using rainwater for industrial purposes may not be feasible as the water quality requirements for industrial processes are often stringent, and rainwater may not meet those standards.

Concept:

• The supply of groundwater is not unlimited, nor it is always available in good quality.
• Groundwater is accessed by wells.

Explanation:

The reasons for the drying up of water in wells are:

• A lot of boring pumps in the nearby area.
• Increase in usage.

• The soil around the trees, well and nearby area is now covered with cement.
• The increase in population also needs more use of water.
• Wells are dumped with waste as they do not contain any more water.
• Fewer trees in the nearby areas, means less rainfall, meaning less surface infiltration.

Thus, many boring pumps have been installed in the nearby areas causing the dryness of ancient wells.

Additional Information

Bawri:

• Bawri's are deep step wells built into the ground.
• It was the traditional way of rainwater harvesting.
• When it rains, the water accumulates in the tank.
• They are built deep into the ground so that the water does not evaporate easily and can be used during water shortages.

Concept:

• Rajasthan is a hot and dry place.
• The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.
• Rajasthan gets little to no rainfall throughout the year, which makes surface water unavailable most of the year.
• Due to seasonal and very little rainfall in Rajasthan rainwater harvesting is done on rooftops and with the help of other rainwater harvesting structures.

​Explanation:

• Some people collect rainwater.
• This is done by a special method by making tanks (tanka).
• To build a tanka, a pit is dug in the courtyard and it is made pucca.
• The tanka is kept covered with a lid.
• The roof of the house is made sloping so that the rainwater collected here flows through a pipe into the tanka.
• A sieve is attached to the mouth of the pipe so that no dirt goes into the tanka.
• This water is used for drinking after it is cleaned.

Thus, the water collected in the tanka is mostly used for drinking.

Concept:

• Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supplies around the globe.
• Approximately, 71 percent of the earth’s surface is covered with it but freshwater constitutes only about 3 percent of the total water.
• This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface runoff and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.
• All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.
• But, due to the increasing population and thus demand for water resources, they are getting degraded to such an extent that they cannot be used by people.
• The assessment, efficient use and conservation of water, therefore, become necessary to ensure development.

Explanation:

Various ways to save water are:

• Change in lifestyle such as:
  • closing the tap while brushing teeth,  
  • reducing water wastage during showers,
  • reuse water for various household activities eg the water that has been used for washing fruits and vegetables can be reused for watering plants,
  • mend leaking taps, pipes, etc.
• Rainwater harvesting.
• Construction of dams and reservoirs to check surface runoffs.
• Creating inundation channels for irrigation.
• Using technologies such as drip irrigation.

Thus, various ways of saving water are reusing water for various household activities.

Mistake Points

• Drinking less water cannot be considered a water conservation technique as drinking adequate water is very important for a healthy body.
• Taking a shower twice daily means using a lot of water for bathing purposes, hence again not a water conservation technique.

Concept:

• Water is a precious natural resource.
• Water is needed for various human activities, most importantly for drinking and making food.
• Due to water scarcity and lack of availability, water is stored for future use.

Explanation:

Johad:

• Johads are small earthen check dams that capture and conserve rainwater, improving percolation and groundwater recharge.
• A johad, also known as a pokhar or a percolation pond.
• 3000 johads spread across more than 650 villages in Alwar district, Rajasthan. 

Bavadi (baoli):

• Bawri's are deep step wells built into the ground.
• It was the traditional way of rainwater harvesting.
• When it rains, the water accumulates in the tank.
• They are built deep into the ground so that the water does not evaporate easily and can be used during water shortages.

Mashak:

• Earlier, kings and rich merchants used to build piau for travellers.
• Drinking water was served for free at these piaus.
• Mashak was used for carrying water.
• Nowadays, people carry bottled water when they travel.

​

Thus, 

Water arrangement while travelling: Mashak - Correct

Stepwells: Johad - Incorrect

Dam on lakes: Bavadi - Incorrect