IRC recommends that longitudinal stresses on the bridges should be considered as

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BPSC AE Paper 6 (Civil) 11 Nov 2022 Official Paper
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  1. 30% of the live load
  2. 20% of the live load
  3. 10% of the live load
  4. 40% of the live load

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 20% of the live load
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Longitudinal forces in bridge:

Longitudinal forces mean force acting on a bridge along its length or along with the motion of traffic.

The longitudinal forces are caused by braking or accelerating of the vehicle on the bridge. When the vehicle stops suddenly or accelerates suddenly it induces longitudinal forces on the bridge structure, especially on the substructure. IRC recommends 20% of the live load should be considered as a longitudinal force on the bridges.

Dead load is due to the weight of the bridge and it always acts in the direction of gravity i.e. perpendicular to the roadway of the bridge.

Thermal stresses are caused due to temperature. When the temperature is very high or very low they induce stresses in the bridge elements, especially at bearings and deck joints. They induce both vertical and horizontal forces.

Wind load acts in every direction of the bridge. However, their impact as lateral wind force is more as compared to the longitudinal direction.

Other types of forces and load on bridges:

1. Centrifugal forces: If bridge is to be built on horizontal curves, then the movement of the vehicle along curves will cause centrifugal force on to the superstructure.

2. Buoyancy Effect: Buoyancy effect is considered for substructures of large bridges submerged under deep water bodies.

3. Seismic Loads: They induce both vertical and horizontal forces during the earthquake.

4. Erection Stresses: Erection stress are induced by the construction equipment during the bridge construction. 

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