National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was launched in

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

National Food Security Mission (NFSM):

• Launch Year: Launched in 2007–08 during the 11th Five-Year Plan. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
• Objectives:
  • Production Enhancement: To increase the production of rice, wheat, pulses, coarse cereals, and commercial crops.
  • Soil Fertility: To restore soil fertility and productivity at the farm level.
  • Farmer Economy: To enhance the income and confidence of farmers.
  • Reducing Yield Gaps: To reduce yield gaps through dissemination of improved agricultural technologies.
• Focus Crops
  • Initial Crops (Phase I): Rice, wheat, and pulses.
  • Later Inclusions: Coarse cereals and commercial crops such as cotton, jute, and sugarcane.
• Key Components:
  • Seed Support: Distribution of High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds.
  • Soil and Nutrient Management: Use of bio-fertilizers, micronutrients, and soil amendments.
  • Farm Mechanization: Promotion of farm machinery and resource conservation technologies.
  • Technology Demonstration: Demonstrations to promote improved production technologies at the field level.
  • Institutional Support: Strengthening of state-level institutions like seed certification agencies.
• Phases of Implementation:
  • Phase I (2007–12): Focused on 482 districts for rice, wheat, and pulses.
  • Phase II (2012–17): Included coarse cereals and commercial crops.
  • Phase III (From 2017–18): Continued under the umbrella scheme "Krishonnati Yojana".
• Achievements:
  • Food Grain Output: Significant increase in food grain production across India.
  • Technology Adoption: Increased use of modern and sustainable farming techniques.
  • Regional Development: Focus on districts with low productivity helped bridge regional disparities.