Probability sampling is Not characterized by:

A. Use of sampling frames

B. Clearly defined sample selection procedure

C. Impossibility of estimating sampling error

D. Biased selection of subjects

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Key Points

• Probability sampling is a sampling technique that uses random selection to ensure that all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected. This means that probability sampling is characterized by:
  • Use of sampling frames: A sampling frame is a list of all the members of the population from which the sample will be drawn.
  • Clearly defined sample selection procedure: The sample selection procedure must be clearly defined so that everyone knows how the sample was drawn.
  • Possibility of estimating sampling error: Sampling error is the difference between the sample mean and the population mean. It is possible to estimate sampling error using probability sampling.
• Biased selection of subjects is not a characteristic of probability sampling. In fact, probability sampling is designed to reduce bias in the sample.

Therefore, the only characteristics that are not associated with probability sampling are biased selection of subjects and impossibility of estimating sampling error. The correct answer is 3) C and D only.