Question
Download Solution PDFThe chemical formula of propene is:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is C3H6.Key Points
- Propene or propylene is a colorless gas with a slightly sweet smell. It belongs to the alkene group of hydrocarbons.
- Chemical Formula: C3H6
- Structural Formula: H2C=CH-CH3
- Molecular Geometry: Trigonal planar around the carbon-carbon double bond; Tetrahedral around the carbon atoms attached to three other atoms.
- Covalent bond: The chemical bond formed by sharing of two valence electron between the two atoms. There are 8 carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds and 2 carbon-carbon covalent bonds present in the propane molecule. So, the total number of covalent bonds present in propane is (8 + 2 = 10)
- A covalent bond is represented clearly by drawing an electron - dot structure.
- Hybridization: sp2 hybridized around the carbon of the double bond; sp3 hybridized around the last carbon.
- Polarity: Non-polar because of its symmetric geometric structure and the similar electronegativity of Carbon and Hydrogen.
- In terms of reactions, propene is commonly involved in addition reactions due to the presence of the double bond:
- Combustion: Like all hydrocarbons, propene burns in oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.
- C3H6 + 4.5 O2 -> 3 CO2 + 3 H2O
- Addition of Halogens: When reacted with halogens like Bromine (Br2), the bromine molecule adds across the double bond.
- C3H6 + Br2 -> C3H6Br2
- Hydrogenation: Propene can undergo hydrogenation to produce propane, in the presence of a metallic catalyst.
- C3H6 + H2 -> C3H8
- Polymerization: Propene is particularly important in the industry as a monomer in the production of polypropylene, a versatile plastic.
Additional Information
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. Here are some common alkenes:
- Ethene (ethylene): This is the simplest alkene and is utilized broadly in the chemical industry. Its chemical formula is C2H4 and its structural formula is H2C=CH2.
- Butene: There are three isomers of butene; 1-butene, 2-butene (cis and trans). The chemical formula for Butene is C4H8. The structural formulas are CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 for 1-butene and CH3-CH=CH-CH3 for 2-butene.
- Pentene: There are three isomers of pentene; 1-Pentene, 2-Pentene (cis and trans). The chemical formula for Pentene is C5H10. The structural formulas are CH2=CH-(CH2)3-CH3 for 1-Pentene and CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-CH3 for 2-Pentene.
- These molecules are important in both natural processes (such as ripening of fruits) and industrial processes (such as polymer production, preparation of alcohols, etc.). The "cis" and "trans" prefixes refer to the geometry of the substituents around the double bond. In "cis" isomers, the larger substituents are on the same side of the double bond, while in "trans" isomers, they are on opposite sides.
- All alkenes have similar chemical properties due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond. They all can undergo addition reactions where a molecule can add across the double bond, and polymerization reactions where individual alkene molecules (monomers) combine to form long chains (polymers), such as polyethylene and polypropylene plastics.
Last updated on Jun 11, 2025
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