The process of deduction in research has the following steps. Which are they?

A. Photo - copying the research material

B. Theory

C. Hypothesis and data collection

D. Data analysis, findings, confirmation or rejection of hypothesis

E.Preparing the index

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

The correct answer is B, C, and D.

Deductive research is a process of developing a theory, formulating a hypothesis based on the theory, collecting data to test the hypothesis, analyzing the data to confirm or reject the hypothesis, and revising the theory if necessary.

 Key PointsThe process of deduction in research involves the following steps:

• Theory: In this step, the researcher develops a theory or a conceptual framework based on existing knowledge or observations.
• Hypothesis and data collection: The researcher formulates a testable hypothesis based on the theory and collects data through various methods such as surveys, experiments, or observations.
• Data analysis, findings, confirmation or rejection of hypothesis: The researcher analyzes the collected data using statistical methods and evaluates the findings to confirm or reject the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is rejected, the researcher revises the theory and formulates a new hypothesis for further testing.

 Additional InformationPhoto-copying the research material and Preparing the index are not steps in the process of deduction in research. While photocopying and preparing an index may be necessary for organizing and analyzing research material, they are not part of the deductive research process itself.