The rope or cable of a crane carrying a load is in-

Concept:

Ropes are made from individual fibers, spun together like string or yarn. Hemp, cotton, Manila, steel, and synthetic wire are used in the manufacture of rope. Manila and hemp ropes are manufactured from the fiber of wild banana plants.

The main uses are depicted in the figure.

• Running ropes are bent over sheaves and drums. They are therefore stressed mainly by bending and secondly by tension.

• Stationary ropes have to carry tensile forces and are therefore mainly loaded by static and fluctuating tensile stresses.

• Track ropes have to act as rails for the rollers of cabins or other loads in aerial ropeways and cable cranes

• Wire ropes are extensively used in hoisting, haulage, and material handling equipment.
• From the above usage, the wire ropes experiencing low speeds and high tensile stresses.