The vaned diffuser in a centrifugal pump serves to:

Explanation:

Centrifugal Pump Working Principle:

• A centrifugal pump works by converting mechanical energy from a motor into kinetic energy by accelerating the fluid through an impeller. The impeller is a rotating component that uses centrifugal force to increase the velocity of the fluid. The high-velocity fluid then exits the impeller and enters the diffuser.

Function of the Vaned Diffuser:

The vaned diffuser is a stationary component located just after the impeller. Its primary function is to convert the kinetic energy of the fluid (gained from the impeller) into pressure energy. This conversion is critical for the efficient operation of the pump and is achieved through the following mechanism:

• Deceleration of Fluid: As the high-velocity fluid from the impeller enters the diffuser, it encounters the vanes of the diffuser. These vanes are designed to gradually decelerate the fluid. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the velocity of a fluid decreases, its pressure increases. Thus, the diffuser vanes help in reducing the fluid's velocity and increasing its pressure.
• Pressure Recovery: The vaned diffuser provides a controlled environment for pressure recovery. By carefully shaping the vanes, the diffuser minimizes turbulence and losses, ensuring that the maximum amount of kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. This results in a more efficient pump operation and a higher head (pressure) generated by the pump.