Which informal fallacy is committed in the following statements- " Your argument that I should stop stealing chocolates from the corner store is no good. You told me yourself just a month ago that you, too, stole chocolates when you were a kid".

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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 21st June 2023 Shift 2
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  1. Red Herring
  2. Strawman
  3. Missing the point (Ignoratio Elenchi)
  4. Ad hominem

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Ad hominem
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UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 21st August 2024 Shift 1
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The informal fallacy committed in the given statement is Ad hominem.

Important PointsA fallacy is a type of argument that appears to be valid but is actually invalid. The term fallacy comes from the Latin word ‘fallo,’ meaning ‘I deceive. Therefore any error in reasoning is a fallacy. 

An ad hominem fallacy

  • It uses personal attacks rather than logic.
  • This fallacy occurs when someone rejects or criticizes another point of view based on the personal characteristics, ethnic background, physical appearance, or other non-relevant traits of the person who holds it.
  • Ad hominem arguments are often used in politics, where they are often called "mudslinging."

In this case, the person is attacking the credibility of the one making the argument (the person who says stealing chocolates should stop) by bringing up a past action (stealing chocolates as a kid) that is unrelated to the current argument. The fact that the person stole chocolates as a kid does not invalidate the idea they are making now. It's a diversion from the main point and does not address the issue at hand.

Hence the fallacy committed in the given statement is Argument ad Hominem.

Additional Information Red Herring: This fallacy is when someone introduces an irrelevant topic or argument that distracts from the original issue at hand. It's used to divert attention and lead the discussion away from the main point.

Strawman: This fallacy involves misrepresenting or exaggerating someone else's argument to make it easier to attack. Instead of addressing the original argument, the arguer attacks a distorted or weaker version of it.

Missing the point (Ignoratio Elenchi): This fallacy occurs when an argument supports a conclusion that is irrelevant or does not address the original question or issue. It fails to directly address the main point.

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