Which statement is incorrect?

The correct answer is Spines are modified stipules

Concept:

• Plants have various structures like thorns, prickles, spines, and cladophylls that serve different functions, such as protection, support, and photosynthesis.
• These structures are often modifications of existing plant parts like stems, leaves, or stipules.
• Understanding these modifications helps in the study of plant morphology and adaptation strategies.

Explanation:

• Thorns: These are modified stem branches that arise from the axil of a leaf. Thorns serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores. Examples include Bougainvillea and Citrus.
• Prickles: These are outgrowths from the stem surface and are not connected to the vascular system of the plant. They can be easily broken off. Roses are a common example of plants with prickles.
• Spines: Contrary to the incorrect statement, spines are actually modified leaves or parts of leaves, such as stipules or leaf margins. They also serve as a defense mechanism. Examples include cacti, where the spines are modified leaves.
• Cladophylls: These are green, leaf-like stems that are capable of photosynthesis. They often take over the function of leaves in terms of photosynthesis. Examples include Asparagus and Ruscus.