Agriculture and agro-climatic Regions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Agriculture and agro-climatic Regions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• China is the largest producer of tomatoes globally, producing over 60 million metric tons annually, as per the latest FAO data.
• The country contributes approximately 35%-40% of the global tomato production.
• Regions such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in China are major hubs for tomato cultivation due to their favorable climatic conditions.
• China's tomato production is a mix of fresh consumption and processing for products like tomato paste and ketchup, which are major exports.
• Tomatoes are a vital agricultural product in China's economy, contributing significantly to both domestic markets and global exports.

Additional Information

• Tomato Production Globally
  • Other major tomato-producing countries include India, the United States, Turkey, and Egypt.
  • Global tomato production exceeds 180 million metric tons annually, as per the FAO's latest statistics.
• Importance of Tomatoes
  • Tomatoes are rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, C, and K, and are a key source of antioxidants like lycopene.
  • They are widely used in cuisines worldwide, in fresh form or processed products like sauces, soups, and juices.
• China's Agricultural Dominance
  • China leads in the production of several crops, including rice, wheat, and vegetables, due to its extensive agricultural infrastructure and focus on food security.
  • The country has implemented advanced farming techniques, including greenhouse cultivation and drip irrigation, to boost yields.
• Tomato Processing Industry
  • Tomatoes are widely processed into value-added products, such as tomato paste, ketchup, and canned tomatoes.
  • China is one of the leading exporters of processed tomato products globally, catering to markets in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

The correct answer is option B.

In News

• ISRO's satellite-based CROP monitoring estimated India’s wheat output at over 122 million tonnes in 2025, boosting the importance of remote sensing in agricultural policy.

Key Points

• CROP was developed by the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) under ISRO, not the Ministry of Agriculture. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• CROP uses data from multiple satellites, including SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and optical imaging, to track crop sowing, growth, and harvesting in near real-time. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat are among the eight major wheat-growing states included in the CROP study. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Technological tools used include EOS-04 (SAR), EOS-06 (Oceansat-3), and Resourcesat-2A.
• CROP enables real-time crop health assessment and helps support food security decisions.
• Coordination: While the Ministry of Agriculture collaborates, the technical implementation is led by ISRO-NRSC.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• The Maharashtra government withdrew a 2022 decision allowing sugar mills to pay farmers the FRP in two installments. This has brought focus back to the Fair and Remunerative Price mechanism for sugarcane.

Key Points

• The crop described prefers warm temperatures and humid climate, which are typical for tropical regions.
• The rainfall requirement of 75–100 cm and the need for deep loamy soils is characteristic of sugarcane cultivation.
• India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane globally, after Brazil. Hence, option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Cotton needs a warmer climate and less rainfall than mentioned.
• Tea grows best in slightly cooler climates and hilly regions with more rainfall.
• Coffee prefers even cooler temperatures and is grown in shaded, hilly regions.

The correct answer is option 3.

In News

• The Maharashtra government withdrew a 2022 decision allowing sugar mills to pay farmers the FRP in two installments. This has brought focus back to the Fair and Remunerative Price mechanism for sugarcane.

Key Points

• The FRP is the minimum price that sugar mills are legally obligated to pay to farmers for sugarcane purchased. Mills cannot pay less than this amount, even if sugar prices fall. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966, issued under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, lays down the legal framework for sugarcane pricing. It mandates payment of FRP within 14 days of cane delivery. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The FRP is recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), considering various factors, and is announced by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA). Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Non-payment of FRP can result in penalties up to 15% interest annually, and authorities may even attach sugar mills’ properties to recover dues.
• Some states announce a State Advised Price (SAP), which is typically higher than FRP.
• FRP calculation factors include sugar recovery rate, production costs, market prices, and profits for farmers.
• Top sugarcane producing states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.
• India is the second-largest sugarcane producer globally, after Brazil.

Key Points

• Punjab is classified under the Trans-Gangetic Plain agro-climatic zone according to the Niti Aayog and Indian National Remote Sensing Agency.
• The Trans-Gangetic Plain region includes the states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and parts of Rajasthan.
• This zone is characterized by fertile alluvial soils which are ideal for agriculture, particularly for growing wheat and rice.
• It features a climate with hot summers and cold winters, and agriculture in this region is highly dependent on the extensive canal irrigation system.

Additional Information

• Western Plateau and Hills
  • This zone includes the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.
  • The region is characterized by Deccan Plateau with black soils, which are suitable for cotton, sorghum, and pulses.
  • It experiences a semi-arid climate with hot summers and moderate rainfall.
• Western arid region
  • This includes the state of Rajasthan (except for the eastern part) and parts of Gujarat.
  • It is characterized by sandy soils, extreme temperatures, and very low rainfall.
  • The region primarily supports the cultivation of drought-resistant crops like millets and pulses.
• Western Himalayas
  • This zone includes Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Uttarakhand.
  • The climate varies from sub-tropical in the foothills to alpine in the higher altitudes.
  • The region is suitable for the cultivation of temperate fruits like apples, plums, and walnuts.

The correct answer is Brazil.

Key Points

• Brazil is the top coffee-producing country accounting for 40 percent of the global coffee supply.
• Vietnam is the second-largest coffee producer, accounting for roughly 20 percent of the world's coffee production.
• Quality-wise, Ethiopian coffee is considered the world's best coffee.

Important Points

• The motherland of coffee - Ethiopian Highland (Africa).
• Santos Port in Brazil is also known as a Coffee port.

Additional Information

• In India, the first plant of coffee was planted in Baba Budan Hills, Karnataka.
• 3 types of coffee planted in India
  1. Coffee Robusta
  2. Coffee Arabica
  3. Coffee Liberia
• Karnataka is the leading producer of coffee in India.

The correct answer is Meghalaya.

Key Points

• Bamboo drip irrigation system a very old practice seen in Indian state Meghalaya
  • Bamboo drip irrigation system is a 200-year-old system in Meghalaya.
  • It is a system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes.
  • In a bamboo drip irrigation system bout 18-20 litres of water enters the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of metres, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.

The word Meghalaya means "adobe of clouds.

• The longest natural cave in India 'Krem Liat Prah' is in Meghalaya.
• Gasi, Gharo, Jaintia hills are situated in Meghalaya.
• Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management is situated in Meghalaya.

The correct answer is Brazil.Key Points

• Sugarcane is a tropical as well as subtropical crop.
• It grows well in hot and humid climates and has an annual rainfall of between 75 cm and 100 cm.
• It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs manual labour.
• Brazil is the largest Producer of Sugarcane in the world with 25% of production and India is at 2nd position with 19% Production.

The correct answer is Increasing production of food grains through high yielding varieties.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution in India was an introduction of High Yielding Varieties(HYV) of seeds.
• HYV seeds are those seeds that produce huge quantities of crops particularly wheat and rice.
• High Yielding Variety Seeds (HYV seeds) are seeds that are of better quality than normal quality seeds.
• The produce from these seeds is a bit more compared to the normal ones.
• These seeds are a better option of seeds in order to obtain a healthy and surplus crop.
• These seeds have a good immune system to fight with insects and other diseases.

Important Points

• The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
• After Independence, Indian policy-makers adopted all measures to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.
• In the year 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan.
• The movement of the green revolution was a great success and changed the country’s status from a food-deficient economy to one of the world’s leading agricultural nations.
• It started in 1967 and lasted till 1978.

Additional Information 

• List of all the important Revolutions in India

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• China is the largest producer of rice in the world.
• China has to produce over 200 million tonnes of rice a year.
• Renminbi is the currency of China.
• Beijing is the capital of China.
• China is also the largest tea producer in the world, followed by India.

Concept:

• Every region follows different agricultural practices.
• Depending on the type of crop and scale of farming various agricultural practices are adopted.

Explanation:

About Shifting Cultivation:

• It is a type of subsistence farming in which the farmer cultivates on a plot of land temporarily, and when he finds the land infertile to grow due to soil exhaustion, they move on to another plot.
• It is largely practised in the north-eastern region of India, including Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, etc.
• This way of farming is also known as "Jhum Kheti".
• It is also called Slash and burn agriculture.
• It is a shifting cultivation practice.
• It is also known as fire-fallow cultivation.
• Forest land is cleaned and ashes are added to the soil.
• Cultivated spots/ areas are usually small.
• Short periods of crop occupation alternate with long fallow periods.
• Field rotation is practised instead of crop rotation.
• The farmer cultivates on a plot of land temporarily.
• When finding the land infertile to grow due to soil exhaustion, they move on to another plot.

Thus, 'Jhoom Cultivation' is practised in Meghalaya.

Additional Information

Shifting cultivation in India: ​​

Shifting cultivation in the world:

• Lading in South-east Asia.
• Milpa in Central America.
• Chitemene or Tavy in Africa.
• Chena in Sri Lanka.

The correct answer is the Rearing of animals and the cultivation of crops together.

Key Points

• Mixed farming is a type of farming that involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock.
• The following are the characteristics of mixed farming:
  • Crops are grown and animals are reared on the same farm.
  • When a crop fails or the prices of crops fluctuate the farmers can depend on livestock and vice versa.
  • A portion of the land on the farm is reserved for animal pasture.
  • The farmer gets continuous income either from crops or animal products.
  • The size of the farms is moderate.
  • There is no seasonal unemployment the farmers are busy throughout the year.
  • The residue of the crops is used in the form of fodder for animals.
  • This saves the money of buying separate fodder for animals.
  • The income earned by the farmer is larger compared to conventional farming.
  • The manure from animals is used as a fertilizer for the soil in which crops are grown.
  • Using manure from animals ensures sustained crop production and saves money that would be used to purchase fertilizers.

The correct answer is millets.

Key Points

• Kodon, Kutki, Hraka, Bauti are examples of millets.
• Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains.
• They are rich in fiber and protein, and are considered to be highly nutritious.
• Millets are also used in brewing millet beer in some cultures.

Additional Information

• Millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa, with 97% of millet production in developing countries.
• The crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions.
• Millets are indigenous to many parts of the world. The most widely grown millet is pearl millet, which is an important crop in India and parts of Africa.
• Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species.
• Millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies".

The correct answer is Brazil.

Key Points

• Brazil is the top coffee-producing country accounting for 40 percent of the global coffee supply.
• Vietnam is the second-largest coffee producer, accounting for roughly 20 percent of the world's coffee production.
• Quality-wise, Ethiopian coffee is considered the world's best coffee.

Important Points

• The motherland of coffee - Ethiopian Highland (Africa).
• Santos Port in Brazil is also known as a Coffee port.

Additional Information

• In India, the first plant of coffee was planted on Baba Budan Hills, Karnataka.
• 3 types of coffee planted in India
  1. Coffee Robusta
  2. Coffee Arabica
  3. Coffee Liberia
• Karnataka is the leading producer of coffee in India.
• Karnataka is the country's largest coffee-producing state, accounting for nearly 71 percent.
• The Karnataka districts of Chikmagalur, Kodagu, and Hassan are major coffee-producing regions of the state. 

The correct answer is 75cm.

Key Points

• Dryland farming is confined to regions having annual rainfall less than 75 cm.
• 68% of the cultivated area in Indian agriculture comes under dryland.
• It contributes about 44% of the total food production and plays a critical role in India's food security. 
• These regions grow hardy and drought-resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram, and guar (fodder crops).

Additional Information

• There are different type of farming in India they are:
  • Shifting Cultivation which means Jhum in Assam and Ponam in Kerala.
  • Intensive farming also is known as  Industrial Agriculture.
  • Mixed cropping involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field.
  • Mixed farming involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock.