Animal Nutrition MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Animal Nutrition - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Bajra.

Key Points

• Bajra, also known as pearl millet, is considered a nutri-cereal due to its high nutritional value.
• It is rich in protein, fiber, and essential minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium.
• Being a gluten-free grain, Bajra is an excellent option for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
• It is well-suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions due to its high drought resistance.
• India is one of the largest producers of Bajra, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
• Bajra is a key component of traditional diets in many parts of India and is used to make dishes like Bajra roti, khichdi, and porridge.
• The Government of India promotes the cultivation and consumption of nutri-cereals like Bajra as part of its initiatives to ensure food security and nutritional health.
• It is also known to have several health benefits, including improving digestion, aiding in weight management, and controlling blood sugar levels.

Additional Information

• Wheat
  • Wheat is a staple cereal grain that is widely consumed across the world.
  • It is rich in carbohydrates and serves as a major source of energy in many diets.
  • However, wheat is not categorized as a nutri-cereal as it lacks the higher nutritional density found in grains like Bajra, Ragi, or Jowar.
  • Wheat cultivation is prominent in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh in India.
• Rice
  • Rice is another staple food grain, particularly in Asia, and is a primary carbohydrate source.
  • While rice is highly nutritious in its unpolished or brown form, the polished white variety lacks the nutrient density of nutri-cereals like Bajra.
  • India is the second-largest producer of rice globally after China.
  • Rice cultivation requires a significant amount of water and is grown in regions with high rainfall or availability of irrigation.
• Sugarcane
  • Sugarcane is not a cereal but a tropical crop grown primarily for the production of sugar, jaggery, and ethanol.
  • India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane, particularly in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
  • It is a water-intensive crop and has limited nutritional value compared to nutri-cereals.

The Correct answer is Help in digestion and bowel movement.

Key Points

• Dietary fibres, also known as roughage, are plant-derived substances that cannot be digested or absorbed by the human digestive system.
• The primary role of dietary fibres is to aid in digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.
• They add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the digestive tract, which is crucial for maintaining gut health.
• Dietary fibres are found in foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts.
• There are two types of dietary fibres: soluble fibres (which dissolve in water and can help lower cholesterol and regulate blood sugar levels) and insoluble fibres (which do not dissolve in water and help move food through the digestive system).
• Consuming sufficient dietary fibres is associated with a reduced risk of digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and colorectal cancer.
• Regular intake of dietary fibres can help maintain a healthy weight by promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing overeating.

Additional Information

• Provide energy
  • Energy is primarily provided by macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, not dietary fibres.
  • While dietary fibres are part of carbohydrate-rich foods, they do not contribute calories as they are not digested by the body.
• Build muscles
  • Muscle building is a function of proteins, which are made up of amino acids.
  • Foods rich in proteins, such as meat, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts, are essential for muscle development, not dietary fibres.
• Strengthen bones
  • Bone health is primarily supported by calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, not dietary fibres.
  • Foods like milk, cheese, yogurt, and leafy green vegetables are rich in calcium and contribute to strong bones.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4 are correct.

Key Points

• Junk food is typically high in sugar, fats, and calories but lacks essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
• It is generally low in dietary fibre, which is important for maintaining healthy digestion.
• Consumption of junk food is directly linked to obesity and other health issues such as diabetes, heart diseases, and high cholesterol.
• Examples of junk food include chips, sugary beverages, candies, fried snacks, and fast food items.
• Frequent consumption of junk food can lead to nutritional deficiencies and poor health outcomes over time.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Statement: "Rich in proteins and vitamins"
  • Junk food is generally not a source of proteins and vitamins. Instead, it is deficient in essential nutrients required for the body's growth and repair.
  • Proteins and vitamins are typically found in healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, lean meats, and dairy products.
• Important Points
  • The growing popularity of junk food has led to an increase in non-communicable diseases, especially among children and teenagers.
  • Many countries have implemented awareness campaigns and regulations to discourage the consumption of junk food.
  • It is important to opt for a balanced diet to ensure the intake of essential nutrients for overall health and well-being.

The Correct answer is Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.

Key Points

• Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses commonly grown for food and fodder.
• They are highly nutritious and rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibres, making them an excellent addition to a balanced diet.
• Millets are a great source of protein, antioxidants, and essential nutrients such as magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and calcium.
• While millets have significant nutritional benefits, eating only millets cannot meet all nutritional requirements. A diverse diet is essential to ensure the intake of vitamins B12, vitamin D, and certain essential fatty acids, which are not sufficiently present in millets.
• Millets are gluten-free, making them suitable for individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance.
• Examples of popular millets include pearl millet (Bajra), finger millet (Ragi), foxtail millet, sorghum (Jowar), and barnyard millet.

Additional Information

Vitamins can be divided into two categories:  

Fat-Soluble vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in fats.
• They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body.
• Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
• Vitamin A, D, E K are fat-soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, which means these vitamins and nutrients dissolve quickly in the body.
• Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissues, but the body cannot store them.
• Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
• Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

The Correct answer is Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

Key Points

• Proteins are essential macromolecules required by the body for the growth and repair of tissues.
• Due to their role in tissue repair and development, protein-rich foods are often termed as "body-building foods."
• Examples of protein-rich foods include eggs, meat, fish, milk, beans, lentils, and nuts.
• The assertion (A) states that protein-rich foods are called body-building foods, which is true.
• The reason (R) explains that proteins help in growth and repair of the body tissues, which is also true and directly supports the assertion.
• Thus, the reason (R) provides a logical explanation for the assertion (A).

Additional Information

• Protein Functions
  • Structural role: Proteins like keratin and collagen provide structural support to skin, hair, and connective tissues.
  • Enzymatic role: Proteins act as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions in the body.
  • Hormonal role: Some hormones, such as insulin, are protein-based and regulate physiological processes.
  • Transport role: Proteins like hemoglobin transport oxygen throughout the body.
  • Immune role: Antibodies are protein-based molecules that help fight infections.
• Other Nutritional Categories
  • Carbohydrate-rich foods: Provide energy and are often termed as "energy-giving foods."
  • Fat-rich foods: Act as energy reserves and assist in vitamin absorption.
  • Vitamin and mineral-rich foods: Help in regulating bodily functions and are termed as "protective foods."

The correct answer is Vitamin B₁₂.

• Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble animal origin vitamin that is naturally present in some foods.
• Cobalamin is another name for vitamin B-12.
• Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products.
• Vitamin B12 is required for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis.

 Additional Information

Vitamin B1

• Vitamin B1, or thiamin, helps prevent complications in the nervous system, brain, muscles, heart, stomach, and intestines.
• It is also involved in the flow of electrolytes into and out of muscle and nerve cells.
• It helps prevent diseases such as beriberi, which involves disorders of the heart, nerves, and digestive system.

Vitamin B6

• Vitamin B6, or Pyridoxine, helps prevent microcytic anaemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function.
• The human body absorbs vitamin B6 in the jejunum.
• The richest sources of vitamin B6 include fish, beef liver and other organ meats, potatoes, and other starchy vegetables, and fruit (other than citrus).

​Vitamin B2

• Riboflavin (also known as vitamin B2) is particularly found in eggs, organ meats (kidneys and liver), lean meats, and milk.
• Green vegetables also contain riboflavin.
• Bacteria in the large intestine produce free riboflavin that can be absorbed by the large intestine.

The correct answer is proteins.

• The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

Important Points

• Amino acids:
  • Proteins are made up of organic compounds called amino acids. So they are known as the building components of proteins.
  • Amino acids are the necessary ingredients for the growth and development of human.
  • Basic amino groups (-NH₂) and carboxyl groups (-COOH) are found in amino acids.
  • Long chains of amino acids constitute peptides and proteins.
  • Proteins are made up of twenty amino acids.
  • Examples of Amino acids:
    • Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine
  • Figure: Structure of Amino acid

Additional Information

• Carbohydrates:
  • Carbohydrates are organic compounds in which the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen is 1:2:1.
  • Carbohydrate in the form of sugar and starch are major intake in animals and humans.
  • Carbohydrate containing aldehyde group is called aldose and with ketone group is called ketose.
  • Carbohydrates are derivatives of polyhydroxy alcohols.
• Vitamins:
  • Vitamin was invented by Sir F. G. Hopkins.
  • The term vitamin was coined by Funk.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds required in minute quantities.
  • No calorie is obtained from it, but it is very important in regulating chemical reactions in the metabolism of the body.
• Minerals:
  • The mineral is a homogenous inorganic material needed for the body which controls the metabolism of the body.

• In animals, the structurally similar glucose polymer is the more densely branched glycogen, which is called "animal starch".
• Starch obtained by animals from plants is stored in the animal body as glycogen.
• Digestion processes in both plants and animals convert starch to glucose, which is the main source of energy.
• The primary reserve of the animal kingdom is polysaccharide. It is found in the muscles, livers cells of animals, Because of its close relationship to starch, it is commonly called animal starch.
• Glycogen is a non-reducing, white, inconsistent polysaccharide that dissolves easily in cold water.

The correct answer is Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary lipase that breaks down starch into simple sugar.

Key Points

• Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food.
• An enzyme called amylase in saliva breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb.
• Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.​

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Nutrient.

Additional Information

• Nutrient: It is defined as any food constituent or group of food constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life.
• There are six classes of nutrients that are essential to every living animal for survival
• Water
• Protein 
• Carbohydrates 
• Fats/Lipids 
• Vitamins 
• Minerals

Explanation:

The protein found in human hair and nails is known as Keratin and this type of protein sprouts out from the cells known as Keratinocytes.

The correct answer is Malnutrition.

Important Points

• Malnutrition: This is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems.
• It is often called undernutrition.

Additional Information

• Undernourishment is most frequently due to not enough high-quality food available to eat. This is related to high food prices and poverty.
• Undernutrition is sometimes used as a synonym for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).
• Undernutrition includes stunted growth (stunting), wasting, and deficiencies of essential vitamins and minerals.

Concept:

• Nutrition is the basis of life.
• Organisms get different types of nutrients from its surrounding.
• These products by the process of digestion become part of the body and fulfil its different requirements.
• The different components of nutrition fulfil different requirements of the body.
• Component of nutrition includes carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins and water.

Explanation:

Vitamin, Sources and deficiency

Important Points

Important minerals, source and function

Thus,

Iron - Amla and green leafy vegetables : Correct

Vitamin C - Banana and fish liver oil : Incorrect

Calcium - Meat and yeast : Incorrect

Chlorine - Salt and seafish : Correct

The correct answer is Glycogen

Key Points

• Glycogenesis:
  • The Biochemical process in which Glucose is converted into Glycogen in the liver is known as Glycogenesis.
  • The cell must have an excess of glucose for starting this process. Glucose is the starting molecule and is converted through the process of glycogenesis.
  • When the body does have readily available glucose, the body creates glycogen through the process of glycogenesis.
  • This process is activated during rest periods in the liver and also activated by insulin in response to high levels of glucose.
  • When the body gets an excess meal and the blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases insulin hormone to store glucose.
  • The fat in the human body is stored for long time energy but glycogen is not the same as fat.
  • When the blood glucose concentration has dropped, glycogen stores are often taken from meals. 

Important Points

• Glycogenolysis:
  • Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of the molecule glycogen into glucose.
  • Glycogenolysis occurs in muscle and liver cells when more energy needs to be produced. 
• Gluconeogenesis:
  •  Gluconeogenesis fulfil the needs for plasma glucose between meals.
  • Gluconeogenesis takes place in the liver and kidneys. Gluconeogenic substrates include glycerol, lactate, propionate, and certain amino acids. 
• Glycolysis:
  • Glycolysis is the metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid to produce energy.
  • This process occurs in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm. Glycolysis is an oxygen-independent metabolic pathway.