The first phase of Revolutionary Movement and World War I MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for The first phase of Revolutionary Movement and World War I - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 1912.Key Points

• The Delhi Conspiracy case, also known as the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, refers to an attempt made in 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge by throwing a local self-made bomb, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi.
• Hatched by the Indian revolutionary underground in Bengal and Punjab and headed by Rash Behari Bose, the conspiracy culminated in the attempted assassination on 23 December 1912, when a homemade bomb was thrown into the Viceroy's howdah as the ceremonial procession was moving through the Chandni Chowk suburb of Delhi.
• The Viceroy and vicereine were sitting on an elephant and entering the city.
• Basanta Kumar Biswas a revolutionary from Nadia village threw homemade bombs at the Viceroy who was seated on an elephant. 
• A reward of Rs.10,000 (approximately $3,300) was announced for the arrest of the bomb thrower since the identity of the assassin was not immediately known to Government agencies.
• The investigations in the aftermath of the assassination attempt led to the Delhi Conspiracy trial.
• The case was filed against Lala Hanumant Sahai, Basanta Kumar Biswas, Bhai Balmukund, Amir Chand, and Awadh Behari.
• On 5 October 1914, Lala Hanumant Sahai was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Andaman Islands, and the other four were sentenced to death for their roles in the conspiracy.
• Basanta Kumar Biswas was hanged on 11 May 1915 at Ambala Central Jail in Punjab aged twenty and became one of the youngest people to be executed during the Indian revolutionary struggles during the 20th century

The correct answer is Industrial workers.

• Gandhiji launched the struggle in Ahmedabad in1917-18 which involved the industrial workers.
• Mahatma Gandhi was called by Anasuya Sarabhai for help in fighting for justice for the mill workers.

Important Points

• Ahmedabad mill strike was Mahatma Gandhi's first hunger strike.
• Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement was Champaran satyagraha 1917.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was called by Rajkumar Shukla to Champaran.
• Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was the first non-cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi arrived in India on 9th Jan 1915 this day is celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.

The correct answer is Rajkumar Shukla.Key Points

• Rajkumar Shukla was a farmer from Champaran who met Gandhi in 1917 and convinced him to visit Champaran to understand the problems of the peasants.
• Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Champaran in 1917 was a turning point in the Indian independence movement, as it marked the beginning of his Satyagraha movement.
• Champaran was a district in Bihar where indigo plantations were owned by British landlords, who forced the local peasants to cultivate indigo and sell it at a fixed price, leading to exploitation and poverty.
• Rajkumar Shukla was a poor farmer who approached Gandhi during his train journey to Lucknow and convinced him to visit Champaran.
• Gandhi stayed in Champaran for several months and organized a successful Satyagraha movement, which forced the British to repeal the oppressive indigo cultivation laws.
• The Champaran movement was significant because it was the first time that Gandhi used Satyagraha as a political tool, and it paved the way for future non-violent protests in the Indian independence movement.

Additional Information

• Jaiprakash Narayan was a freedom fighter and socialist activist who worked closely with Gandhi.
  • ​He is most known for spearheading the opposition movement against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the middle of the 1970s and advocating for a "total revolution" to remove her from office.
• Maulana Mazharul Haque was a Muslim leader who supported the Khilafat Movement and worked with Gandhi.
  • ​Rajendra Prasad, India's first president, paid tribute to him in his book India Divided, describing him as a "devout Muslim and passionate patriot".
• Vallabhbhai Patel was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement and worked closely with Gandhi.
  • ​From 1947 until 1950, he was India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister.

The correct answer is Passage of the Rowlatt Act.

Key Points

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919.
• A large peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
• Rowlatt acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted the internment of suspects without trial.

Additional Information

• The Morley-Minto Reform of 1909 was put into place to appease the moderates in Congress and bring in distinct electorates based on religion.
  • It is also known as the Indian Council Act of 1909.
  • Lord Minto thus became known as the Father of the Communal Electorate in India.
• Ilbert Bill was a controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India.
  • British people in Britain and India opposed this bill intensely, playing racial tensions.
• The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India, on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.
  • This pact was signed by Gandhi to release prisoners who weren't violent during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Important Points

• The Government of India was ready with repression during and even after the First World War.
• Throughout the war, repression of nationalists had continued.
• The revolutionaries had been hunted down, hanged, and imprisoned.
• Many other nationalists such as Abul Kalam Azad had also been kept behind bars.
• The Government then decided to arm itself with more far-reaching powers, which went against the accepted principles of rule of law, to be able to suppress those nationalists who would refuse to be satisfied with the official reforms.
• For this reason, in March 1919, the Government passed the Rowlatt Act even though every single Indian member of the Central Legislative Council opposed it.
• Three of them, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mazhar-ul-Huq resigned from their membership of the Council.
• This Act authorized the Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law.
• The Act would thus also enable the Government to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.

Additional Information

• Just six months before the Montford Reforms were to be put into effect, two bills were introduced in the Imperial Legislative Council.
• One of them was dropped, but the other, an extension to the Defence of India Regulations Act 1915 was passed in March 1919.
• It was what was officially called the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, but popularly known as the Rowlatt Act.
• It was based on the recommendations made in the previous year to the Imperial Legislative Council by the Rowlatt Commission, headed by the British judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, to investigate the ‘seditious conspiracy’ of the Indian people. (The committee had recommended that activists should be deported or imprisoned without trial for two years and that even possession of seditious newspapers would be adequate evidence of guilt).
• The act allowed political activists to be tried without juries or even imprisoned without trial.
• It allowed the arrest of Indians without a warrant on the mere suspicion of ‘treason'.
• Such suspects could be tried in secrecy without recourse to legal help.
• A special cell consisting of three high court judges was to try such suspects and there was no court of appeal above that panel.
• This panel could even accept evidence not acceptable under the Indian Evidences Act.
• The law of habeas corpus, the basis of civil liberty, was sought to be suspended.
• The objective of the government was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) with a permanent law.
• So the wartime restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly were re-imposed in India.
• There was strict control over the press and the government was armed with a variety of powers to deal with anything the authorities chose to consider as terrorism or revolutionary tactics.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• Madam Bhikaji Cama hoisted the Indian Flag in Germany.
• International Socialist Conference was being held at Stuttgart where the flag was hoisted in the year 1907.
• She is also known as the mother of the Indian Revolution.
• She founded the Paris Indian Society.
• She displayed her design for the Indian flag, a tri-colour flag representing the 8 provinces within India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Lala Hardayal.

Key Points

• The Ghadar party was an international political movement organized by Indians to end British rule in India.
  • It was formed in 1913.
  • Headquarters was at Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco.
  • It was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal.
  • The Ghadar Party was organized by migrants Indians in the United States.
  • The old name of the Ghadar Party was the Pacific coast Hindustan association.
  • The name Ghadar party was adopted after the launch of its journal Ghadar in 1913.
  • It was formally dissolved in 1948.​

Additional Information

• ​Bhagat Singh is the founder of Naujawan Bharat Sabha.
• V D Savarkar is the founder of the Abhinav Bharat Society.

The correct answer is Madam Bhikaji Cama.

Key Points

• Madam Cama is known as the Mother of the Revolutionaries of India.
• Bhikaji Cama is also known as Madam Cama and, because of her contributions to the Indian freedom movement, is recognised as the mother of the Indian revolution.
• She holds a significant position in the struggle for Indian independence. Her name symbolises bravery, loyalty and perseverance.
• The Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department issued a commemorative stamp on 26 January 1962, India's 11th Republic Day, in her name.

Important Points

• Kalpana Datta was an activist for the Indian independence movement and a member of the Surya Sen-led armed independence movement that carried out the Chittagong armoury raid in 1930.
• Annie Besant was a British socialist and women's rights activist. In India, she also became involved in politics, entering the National Indian Congress.
  • She helped establish the Home Rule League to fight for independence in India, and dominion status within the British Empire, when World War I broke out in 1914.
• Pritilata Waddedar from the Indian subcontinent was a Bengali revolutionary nationalist who was active in the Indian independence movement.
  • She joined a revolutionary party led by Surya Sen.
  • In the 1932 armed assault on the Pahartali European Club, she was known for leading fifteen revolutionaries,

The correct answer is Bagha Jatin.

Key Points

• Jatindra Nath Mukherjee
  • He was a great Indian revolutionary personality who made Britishers feel the power of Indian resistance and resentment against British imperialism and colonialism. He was born in the Jhenaidha district of Bengal in 1879.
  • It is said that he came to be called ‘Bagha Jatin’ after killing a tiger single-handedly without any arms.
  • Jatin, a man with a strong sense of self-respect and national pride, came in contact with Aurobindo Ghosh and his Anushilan Samiti.
  • As a college student, Jatindranath joined a relief camp organised by Sister Nivedita, the Irish disciple of Swami Vivekananda.
  • He was influenced by the Bhagavad Gita and the writings of Bankim Chandra.
  • He was also inspired by Sri Aurbindo’s Bhavani Mandir and Swami Vivekananda.
  • In 1905, Bagha Jatin established an association called Chhatra Bhandar. Although it was established as a student cooperative store association, it served as an outfit for the revolutionaries of Bengal.
  • Bagha Jatin inspired a large group of young revolutionaries. M.N. Roy and Bagha Jatin worked together extensively and soon M.N. Roy accepted Bagha Jatin as his leader.
  • Thirty years before Bose's move, there was another attempt by another great Indian revolutionary to win independence for India in cooperation with Germany.
  • Against the backdrop of the outbreak of World War l, Bagha Jatin had conceived an armed insurrection against the British in cooperation with Germany. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • Incidentally, this chapter is missing from popular history. Bagha Jatin famously declared, 'India has to rise with her own strength.

Additional Information

• Prafulla Chandra Chaki
  • He was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.⁣
  • He was born in a well-to-do Jotdar family in 1888 in Bihar, a village in Bogra district of current day Bangladesh, then a part of Bengal Presidency.
• Ashfaqulla Khan (1900 – 1927)
  • He was a freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement. He was born in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
  • In the mid-1920s, Ashfaqulla Khan and Ram Prasad Bismil went on to found the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), with the aim of winning freedom for the country through an armed revolution. HSRA published its manifesto titled “The Revolutionary” in 1925.
  • He along with Ram Prasad Bismil was sentenced to death for the Kakori train robbery, commonly referred to as the Kakori conspiracy of 1925. 
• Khudiram Bose
  • Born in 1889, Bose is highly regarded in Bengal for his fearless spirit.
  • Unlike other leaders like Subhash Chandra Bose, however, Khudiram’s legacy has been largely limited to Bengal.
  • In 1905, when Bengal was partitioned, he actively participated in protests against the British.
  • At the age of 15, Bose joined the Anushilan Samiti, an early 20th-century organisation that propounded revolutionary activities in Bengal.
  • The deciding moment of Bose’s life came in 1908 when he along with another revolutionary, Prafulla Chaki was assigned the task of assassinating the district magistrate of Muzaffarpur.

The correct answer is Bengal.

Key Points

• Anushilan Samiti:
  • The Anushilan Samiti was founded by Pramathanath Mitra and includes Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh and others.
  • In April 1906, an inner circle within Anushilan (Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendranath Dutta) started the weekly Yugantar and conducted a few abortive ‘actions’.
  • In 1907, an abortive attempt was made by the Yugantar group on the life of a very unpopular British official, Sir Fuller
  • Anushilan group was arrested including the Ghosh brothers, Aurobindo and Barindra, who were tried in the Alipore conspiracy case, variously called Manicktolla bomb conspiracy or Muraripukur conspiracy.

Additional Information

• Pramathanath Mitra founded the Anushilan Samiti on March 24, 1902.
• It had two branches:
  • the Jugantar Group in Calcutta
  • the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti in Dhaka.
• The Samiti published "Bhavani Mandir" in 1905.
• They advocated military training in their 1907 publication, "Vartaman Rananiti."
• As a division of Anushilan Samiti, Dhaka Anushilan Samiti was established in November 1905. Pulin Bihar Das served as its leader when it was established.
• After Pulin Das was detained in the Barisal Conspiracy case in 1913, the development of this samiti was put on hold.
• Additionally, it should be noted that Dhaka Anushilan Samiti did not take part in the German World War I plot.
• Anushilan Samiti was an Indian health club that anti-British revolutionaries utilised as a covert organisation.
• In the early half of the 20th century, it encouraged the use of revolutionary violence to overthrow the British in India.
• In Bengal, in 1902, a combination of neighbourhood gyms and youth organisations came together to form the organisation.
• It had two significant, albeit independent, branches in East and West Bengal: the Jugantar group and Dhaka Anushilan Samiti, which was based in Dhaka (centred in Calcutta).

The correct answer is  VD Savarkar.

• Abhinav Bharat secret society was organised by VD Savarkar in 1904.
  • It was founded by V D Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.
  • The society believed in the armed rebellion which carried out a few assassinations of British officials.

Key Points

• About Veer Savarkar:
  • ​VD Savarkar or Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born on May 28, 1883, in Bhagur, a village near Nashik in Maharashtra.
  • Savarkar was associated with the India House and founded student societies like the Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society.
  • Veer Savarkar was a freedom fighter, politician, lawyer, writer, social reformer, and formulator of the Hindutva philosophy.
  • The airport at Port Blair in Andaman and Nicobar's capital was renamed Veer Savarkar International Airport in 2002.

Additional Information

• Khudiram Bose was part of Anushilan Samiti.
• Shyamji Krishna Verma founded the Indian Home Rule Society, India House, and The Indian Sociologist in London.
• Lala Hardayal founded the Ghadar movement.

The correct answer is V.D. Savarkar.

Key Points

• Abhinav Bharat Society was a secret society established by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
• Originally founded at Nasik as "Mitra Mela" when Vinayak Savarkar was still a student of Fergusson College at Pune, the society grew to include several hundred revolutionaries and political activists with branches in various parts of India, extending to London after Savarkar went to study law.
• It carried out a few assassinations of British officials, following which the Savarkar brothers were convicted and imprisoned.
• Savarkar's revolutionary propaganda led to the assassination of Lt. Col. William Curzon-Wyllie, the political aide to the Secretary of State for India, by Madanlal Dhingra on the evening of 1 July 1909, at a gathering of Indian students in the Imperial Institute in London.
• The society was formally dismissed in 1952.

The correct answer is V.D. Savarkar.

Key Points

• Abhinav Bharat Society was a secret society founded in 1904.
• It was founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.
• Abhinav Bharat Society was Initially founded at Nasik as "Mitra Mela".
• It was renamed by Swantraveer Vinayak Savarkar in 1904.
• Abhinav Bharat society was formally disbanded in 1952.

Important Points

• V.D. Savarkar was an Indian activist associated with Hindu Mahasabha.
• Savarkar was imprisoned in the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands in 1910.
• He was charged as a co-conspirator in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948.
• The Indian War of Independence is a famous book written by V.D. Savarkar.
• The airport at Port Blair was renamed Veer Savarkar International Airport in 2002.

Additional Information

• Prafulla Chandra Chaki was an Indian revolutionary who was associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries.
• Sachin Sanyal was the co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association.
• Rash Behari Bose was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and the founder of the Japanese branch of Hindu Mahasabha.

The correct answer is Industrial workers.

• Gandhiji launched the struggle in Ahmedabad in1917-18 which involved the industrial workers.
• Mahatma Gandhi was called by Anasuya Sarabhai for help in fighting for justice for the mill workers.

Important Points

• Ahmedabad mill strike was Mahatma Gandhi's first hunger strike.
• Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement was Champaran satyagraha 1917.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was called by Rajkumar Shukla to Champaran.
• Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was the first non-cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi arrived in India on 9th Jan 1915 this day is celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.

The correct answer is 1905.

Key Points

• Shyamji Krishna Varma started the India house in London, in 1905.
• India House was a student residence at Cromwell Avenue in Highgate, North London.
• Shyamji Krishna Varma is an Indian patriot, lawyer, and, journalist.
  • Founder of the Indian Home Rule Society, India House, and The Indian Sociologist in London.
  • He founded the India House and The Indian Sociologist In 1905.
  • The Indian Sociologist was an Indian nationalist journal.
  • Shyamji inaugurated a new organization called The Indian Home Rule Society, On 18 February 1905.