Biology in Everyday Life MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Biology in Everyday Life - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

• Microorganisms, especially yeasts are used for the preparation of the beverages like wine, beer whisky, brandy or rum.
• They are generally prepared by alcoholic fermentation process which is carried out using different microbes.
• Distillation is the process of separating different components from a mixture based on different boiling points.
• Whisky, brandy, and rum are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.
• Wine and beer are produced without distillation.
• For the preparation of beverages by fermentation the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used.

Explanation:

Option 1 - Wine

• It is an alcoholic drink made from the fermentation of grapes.
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes fermentation and converts sugar in the fruit to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
• It is prepared without distillation.
• Therefore this option is correct.

Option 2 - Whisky

• It is an alcoholic drink prepared from the fermentation of malted barley.
• Yeast is used for the fermentation to occur.
• Distillation process is used for the extraction of the product.
• Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option 3 - Rum

• Rum is prepared from the sugarcane molasses by the process of fermentation and distillation.
• Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option 4 - Brandy

• Brandy is prepared from the fermented fruit mash.
• The process of preparation involves 3 steps - fermentation, distillation, and aging.
• Therefore this option is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

The correct answer is Fermentation.

Key Points

• Fermentation is a biochemical process in which microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria convert sugars (like glucose) into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• This process is anaerobic, meaning it occurs without the presence of oxygen.
• In the context of ethanol production, fermentation is crucial as it transforms the sugar content of the feedstock (such as corn, sugarcane, or other biomass) into ethanol.
• The general chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose to ethanol is: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂.
• Fermentation is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages (like beer and wine), as well as in biofuel production.
• The process is also employed in the creation of various fermented foods such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and kimchi.

 Additional Information

• Combustion
  • Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat. It is not related to ethanol production but is rather associated with burning fuels.
• Oxidation
  • Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. While it is a broad term, in the context of ethanol, it refers to the conversion of ethanol to acetic acid (vinegar) in the presence of oxygen.
• Photosynthesis
  • Photosynthesis is the process used by green plants and some other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It is not related to ethanol production but is essential for producing the biomass used as feedstock in the fermentation process.

The correct answer is groundnut protein fibre

Explanation:

Ardil is a synthetic textile fiber made from the protein found in groundnuts (also known as peanuts). It was developed in the mid-20th century as an alternative to wool and other natural fibers.

• Soya protein fibre: Fibers made from soya protein are known, but they are not referred to as Ardil.
• Groundnut protein fibre: Ardil is a synthetic fiber made from the protein of groundnuts (peanuts). Developed by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the 20th century, it represented an early effort to create a useful fiber from vegetal proteins.
  • The production of Ardil involved extracting protein from groundnuts and then chemically treating it to create fibers that could be spun and woven into textiles. This process is similar to how other synthetic fibers, like rayon (from cellulose), are created.
• Chitin fibre: Chitin fibers are derived from chitin, which is a natural polymer found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. It is not related to Ardil.

Concept:

• Sewage is the large quantities of waste water generated everyday in cities and towns from the household, factories etc and Human excreta forms the major component of this waste water .
• As this sewage water contains a large amounts of organic matter and microbes, therefore it is treated in the Sewage treatment plants (STPs) before releasing it into waterbodies.
• This treatment is carried out in two stages-
  • Primary treatment
  • Secondary treatment

Primary treatment-

• Primary treatment of the sewage involves the physical removal of the larger and smaller particles through filtration and sedimentation.
• The effluent is then passed on to the large aeration tanks for the secondary treatment.

Secondary treatment-

• The reduction in the  BOD of the sewage water mainly takes place during the secondary treatment process.
• Here the effluent is constantly agitated mechanically which allows the growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs.
• Flocs are the masses of bacterial associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures.
• These microbes in the flocs consume major part of the organic matter in the effluent while growing.
• This effluent is passed o to the settling tank where the bacterial flocs are allowed to sediment and this sediment is called activated sludge.
• A little amount of activated sludge is added back into the aeration tank and it acts as a inoculum.
• The remaining sludge is passed on to the large tanks called Anaerobic sludge digesters, where other bacteria grow anaerobically and digest the bacteria and fungi in the sludge.
• During this process of digestion biogas is produced.
• The effluent produced is released into the water bodies and the solid sludge remained is taken for further processing.
• The processed solid sludge then can be used as fertilizers and manures in the fields.

Explanation:

• Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is present in water and is available to the living organisms in the water.
• Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by the aerobic organisms to break down the organic matter present in the water sample.
• Therefore, BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water.
• This means that the greater the BOD of the waste water, the more polluted it is.
• The sewage water should be treated until this BOD is reduced.

The correct answer is Option (3).

Concept:

• Microorganisms are mainly known to cause diseases, but they also contribute in human welfare.
• In our everyday lives we use different microbes and their product derivatives.
• Microbes play important roles like-
  • In the production of food like curd, idli and dosa, cheese etc.
  • Production of fermented beverages like wine, beer, whisky, beer, brandy etc.
  • Microbes are used in production of antibiotics.
  • They play a major role in the sewage treatment process.
  • Thy produce different bioactive substances like lipases, pectinases, Cyclosporin etc. which are used for industrial and medicinal purposes.

Explanation:

Statin - 

• Statins are the group of drugs which help in lowering the cholesterol levels in blood.
• It acts as a competitive inhibitor to the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.
• It is produced by the yeast Monascus pupureus.

Cyclosporin A - 

• It is immunosuppressant drug.
• It is given to the patients who have undergone organ transplant to reduce the activity of patient's immune system and thus reduce the risk of organ rejection.
• It is produced by a fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

Streptokinase - 

• It is used to remove the blood clots that are formed in the blood vessels i.e acts like a clot buster.
• It is mainly used for people who have undergone myocardial infaction leading to heart attack.
• This helps in restoring the blood flow to the affected tissue.
• It is produced by bacterium Streptococcus.

Lipase - 

• Lipases are the enzymes that break down the fats.
• They are used in detergent formulations.
• They enhance the ability of the detergent to remove tough stains of oil and grease.

The corrected table for the above question is-

Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is Maintain minimum distance between the crops while sowing

Concept:

• Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants in adequate amounts for their growth and development.
• Several agricultural practices can significantly enhance soil fertility, including crop rotation, organic manure use, and allowing fields to rest.

Explanation:

• Grow different crops alternately every season: This practice, known as crop rotation, helps prevent soil depletion of specific nutrients, reduces pest and disease cycles, and improves soil structure and organic matter content. It contributes significantly to maintaining and enhancing soil fertility.
• Maintain minimum distance between the crops while sowing: Adequate spacing between crops can enhance plant growth by reducing competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients. However, this practice primarily focuses on optimizing plant growth rather than directly increasing soil fertility.
• Substitute fertilizers by organic manure: Using organic manure such as compost or green manure enriches the soil with essential nutrients, improves soil structure, increases water retention, and promotes beneficial microbial activity. This practice is highly effective in enhancing soil fertility.
• Leave the field uncultivated between two crops: Also known as fallowing, this practice allows the soil to recover its nutrient levels naturally, improves its structure, and reduces the buildup of pests and diseases. This rest period can lead to increased fertility and better crop yields in subsequent planting seasons.

The Correct answer is Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

• Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll: This does happen during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of plant cells absorbs light energy from the sun, which is the first step in photosynthesis.
• Conversion of light energy into chemical energy: This is another core process of photosynthesis. The light energy, once absorbed, is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (specifically, glucose) -- a form of chemical energy.
• Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide: This Does not happen during photosynthesis. Instead, this process occurs during cellular respiration, where glucose (made by photosynthesis) is broken down to release energy, and carbon dioxide is a byproduct. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is consumed, not produced.
• Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates: This process also happens during photosynthesis. Under the influence of sunlight, carbon dioxide undergoes reduction, i.e., it gains hydrogen to form carbohydrates (glucose).

Therefore, the conversion of carbon to carbon dioxide, or the "oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide"

The correct answer is Theobromine

Explanation:

Theobroma cacao is the plant from which cacao beans are harvested, commonly known as cocoa beans. These beans are the primary ingredient in chocolate production and contain several stimulating compounds. 

Stimulants in Theobroma cacao:

• Caffeine: While Theobroma cacao contains caffeine, it is present in lower amounts compared to theobromine. Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness.
• Theobromine: The primary stimulant found in cocoa beans, theobromine is chemically similar to caffeine but has a milder effect on the central nervous system. It also has various health benefits, such as vasodilation and diuretic effects.

Nicotine: Nicotine is an alkaloid found in tobacco plants, known for its stimulant and addictive properties. It is not related to Theobroma cacao.

The correct answer is Beech tree pulp fiber

Explanation:

Modal is a type of rayon, a semi-synthetic fiber made from the cellulose of beech trees. The process involves:

• Harvesting Beech Wood: Beech trees are harvested, and their wood is chipped into small pieces.
• Pulp Production: The wood chips are then treated with chemicals to break down the cellulose into a pulp.
• Fiber Formation: The pulp is then extruded through spinnerets to form fibers, which are then treated to produce the final Modal fabric.

Key Characteristics of Modal:

• Modal is known for its smooth and silky texture, making it comfortable to wear.
• The fiber is highly breathable, which helps in moisture management, making it suitable for activewear and undergarments.
• It is more durable and resilient compared to regular rayon, with a higher resistance to shrinkage and fading.
• Beech trees are sustainably harvested, and the production process uses less water and energy compared to other synthetic fibers.

Comparison with Other Fibers:

• Bamboo Pulp Fiber: Bamboo fibers are also derived from cellulose, but from bamboo plants. They have a similar process of production but result in a different texture and set of properties.
• Eucalyptus Pulp Fiber: Like beech and bamboo, eucalyptus fibers are derived from eucalyptus trees and are often used in the production of Tencel, another type of rayon.

The correct answer is caffeine

Explanation:

Cola nitida, commonly known as the kola nut, is the seed of the tropical tree native to the African rainforests. It is well-known for its caffeine content and has been traditionally used for its stimulant properties.

• The kola nut contains caffeine and is traditionally chewed for its stimulating effects.
• Caffeine extracted from kola nuts has been used in the production of cola beverages, where it provides stimulating and flavouring properties.
• The kola nut's bitterness and caffeine content are central to its traditional and commercial use.

Nicotine: Nicotine is an alkaloid found primarily in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). It acts as a stimulant but is not found in kola nuts. 
Theophylline: Theophylline is another type of stimulant that is found naturally in tea leaves and cocoa beans. It is a bronchodilator and is not sourced from kola nuts.