Match List - I with List - II.

List – I		List - II
A.	Programmed Instruction	I.	Benjamin Bloom
B.	Mastery Learning	II.	B. F. Skinner
C.	Simulation	III.	Tom Good
D.	Direct Instruction	IV.	Carl Smith

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

The correct answer is - A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III

Key Points

• Programmed Instruction
  • Associated with B. F. Skinner, who developed the concept of instructional programs that allow students to work at their own pace and receive immediate feedback.
• Mastery Learning
  • Proposed by Benjamin Bloom, emphasizing that students must achieve a level of mastery in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
• Simulation
  • Linked with Carl Smith, who utilized simulations for teaching complex systems and processes.
• Direct Instruction
  • Associated with Tom Good, focusing on structured, explicit teaching methods.

Additional Information

• Programmed Instruction
  • Uses teaching machines or computer-assisted instruction to provide personalized learning experiences.
  • Based on the principles of operant conditioning.
• Mastery Learning
  • Involves formative assessments to identify learning gaps.
  • Ensures all students achieve a high level of understanding before progressing.
• Simulation
  • Enables experiential learning through role-playing and scenario-based activities.
  • Helps in understanding complex systems and decision-making processes.
• Direct Instruction
  • Characterized by teacher-led demonstrations and practices.
  • Focuses on clear, specific teaching objectives and structured lessons.