Match the environmental movements in List-I with the year of their emergence given in List-II

List I	List II
(a) Chipko Movement	(i) 1983
(b) Silent Valley Movement	(ii) 1985
(c) Narmada Bachao Andolan	(iii) 1973
(d) Appiko Movement	(iv) 1978

 

The correct answer is - (A) - (iii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (ii), (D) - (i)

Key Points

• Chipko Movement (1973)
  • The Chipko Movement originated in Uttarakhand (then part of Uttar Pradesh) in 1973.
  • It was a non-violent movement where villagers, especially women, hugged trees to prevent their felling.
  • This movement became a symbol of environmental conservation and sustainable development.
• Silent Valley Movement (1978)
  • The Silent Valley Movement began in Kerala in 1978 to protect the Silent Valley rainforest from a proposed hydroelectric dam project.
  • The movement emphasized the importance of biodiversity and led to the creation of Silent Valley National Park.
• Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985)
  • This movement started in 1985 to protest against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River.
  • It focused on issues such as displacement of tribal communities, environmental destruction, and social justice.
  • Prominent leaders of the movement include Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
• Appiko Movement (1983)
  • The Appiko Movement began in Karnataka in 1983 as a forest conservation movement.
  • It was inspired by the Chipko Movement and aimed to prevent the cutting of trees in the Western Ghats.
  • The term “Appiko” means “to embrace” in Kannada, symbolizing the act of hugging trees to protect them.

Additional Information

• Environmental Movements in India
  • India has witnessed several environmental movements aimed at conserving natural resources and promoting sustainable development.
  • These movements are often led by local communities, emphasizing grassroots participation.
• Significance of Grassroots Movements
  • Grassroots environmental movements highlight the intersection of environmental, social, and economic issues.
  • They play a crucial role in influencing policy changes and raising awareness about environmental concerns.
• Non-violent Resistance
  • Movements like Chipko and Appiko demonstrate the power of non-violent resistance in achieving environmental goals.
  • These movements often draw inspiration from Gandhian principles of peaceful protest.