Which of the following fuel responsible for fire categorized as a Class D fuel?

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BHEL Engineer Trainee Mechanical 24 Aug 2023 Official Paper
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  1. Flammable gases and liquids.
  2. Carbon-based products such as wood and paper.
  3. Combustible materials where electricity may be present.
  4. Combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zirconium.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zirconium.
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

Class D Fires

  • Class D fires involve combustible metals. These types of fires are particularly dangerous and challenging to extinguish due to the chemical properties and high burning temperatures of the metals involved. Common metals that fall under this category include aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium.

Characteristics of Combustible Metals:

  • High Burning Temperatures: Combustible metals burn at extremely high temperatures, which can exceed 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes them difficult to extinguish with water or standard fire extinguishers.
  • Reactivity with Water: Many combustible metals react violently with water, producing flammable hydrogen gas and potentially causing explosions. Therefore, using water to extinguish a Class D fire can exacerbate the situation.
  • Specialized Extinguishing Agents: Class D fires require specific extinguishing agents, such as dry powders designed to absorb heat and smother the fire. These agents are formulated to prevent the metal from reacting with oxygen and spreading the fire.

Common Combustible Metals:

  • Aluminum: Commonly used in manufacturing and construction, aluminum can ignite when subjected to high temperatures or friction. Once ignited, it burns intensely and can be difficult to control.
  • Magnesium: Found in automotive parts, aircraft, and some consumer products, magnesium burns with a bright white flame and reacts violently with water.
  • Titanium: Used in aerospace and medical applications, titanium burns at high temperatures and is challenging to extinguish using conventional methods.
  • Zirconium: Found in some industrial processes and specialized equipment, zirconium is highly flammable and requires careful handling to prevent fires.
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