Learning Difficulty MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Learning Difficulty - Download Free PDF

Reading is a complex process involving multiple skills, including decoding (recognizing written words) and comprehension (understanding meaning). A student may be able to decode words fluently yet still struggle with understanding what they read. When this pattern persists, it often points to a deeper, specific challenge related to learning processes rather than sensory or behavioral issues.

Key Points

• In this case, the student shows strong decoding abilities but has consistent difficulty with comprehension. This mismatch is characteristic of a learning difficulty, particularly one that affects language processing or higher-order thinking skills involved in making sense of text.
• These difficulties may involve challenges with working memory, vocabulary, or making inferences, which are essential for understanding what is read.

Hint

• Sensory impairments, such as vision or hearing problems, would likely affect both decoding and comprehension rather than just one.
• A behavioral issue might impact task completion or classroom conduct but would not specifically impair reading comprehension with strong decoding.
• Lack of motivation might cause inconsistency, but here the issue is consistent comprehension difficulty despite demonstrated skill in decoding.

Hence, the correct answer is learning difficulty.

Inclusive education emphasizes that every child, regardless of their abilities, has the right to quality education. Within this framework, children with learning difficulties often need specially tailored strategies, resources, and environments. 

Key Points

• The assertion accurately states that children with learning difficulties require specialized support and accommodations. These may include visual aids, extra time, modified instructions, or the use of assistive technologies—all aimed at helping the child access the curriculum on equal footing with their peers.
• The reason complements this by explaining why such support is needed: their cognitive processes may differ, meaning they might process information more slowly, struggle with memory, attention, or organization. As a result, conventional teaching methods, which often assume uniform learning styles can be ineffective or even discouraging for such learners.

Since the reason directly explains the need outlined in the assertion, both are true and logically connected.
Hence, the correct answer is that both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Observing a student's physical behavior and reading habits can provide important clues about underlying learning challenges. Certain consistent behaviors such as tilting the head, rubbing eyes, or misreading letters often indicate that the student is struggling with more than just academic content. 

Key Points

•  A visual impairment affecting learning is the most likely explanation for a student who frequently tilts his head, rubs his eyes, has red eyes, and misreads letters.
• These physical signs suggest visual discomfort or difficulty in clearly seeing text, which can lead to errors in reading and fatigue. Tilting the head may be an attempt to compensate for blurred or double vision, while rubbing the eyes and redness are common symptoms of eye strain.
• Misreading letters further supports the idea that the child is not perceiving print accurately, which directly affects reading performance. 

Hint

•  Difficulty in expressing ideas verbally relates to speaking and language production, not physical symptoms observed during reading.
• A delay in language comprehension affects understanding spoken or written language but does not typically cause physical symptoms like eye redness or head tilting.
• A condition related to social communication and behavior might influence peer interaction or emotional regulation but does not usually produce signs such as misreading letters or eye strain during reading tasks.

Hence, the correct answer is a visual impairment affecting learning.

Learning disability: Learning disability is a developmental disorder that becomes conspicuous when children go to school. In spite of their average or even above-average intelligence and adequate schooling, these children lag behind in their academic skills. These children have fundamental difficulties in the monitoring of basic psychological processes, such as attention, perception, memory, logical thinking, and so on.

Key Points

The characteristics of the learning disabled children are:

• Learning disabled children are normal in intellectual functioning.
• Learning disabled children face problems in a few areas of learning, not in all.
• Learning disability mainly lies in their way of learning and in their perceptual systems.
• Learning disabled children show problems in sustaining attention, got easily distracted, and have poor fine and gross motor skills.
• Learning disabled children are often several years behind their peers in reading, fluency, and spelling, letter, number, etc.

Hence, we can conclude that impede academic progress of people who are not mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed statement is not a characteristic of a child with a learning disability.

Additional Information

Some Learning Disabilities:

 Key Points

• Impairment refers to any loss or abnormality of a body structure or physiological function, whether temporary or permanent.
• Examples include amputation of a limb, vision loss, or hearing impairment. It is a medical condition at the organ or tissue level.
• Disability refers to the functional limitation caused by an impairment. For example, a person with a leg impairment may experience difficulty walking, leading to a mobility disability.
• Handicap is a social disadvantage arising from a disability, restricting a person’s ability to participate in normal activities (e.g., difficulty finding employment due to mobility challenges).

 Hence, the correct answer is Impairment.

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc. are the most common learning disability.

Learning disability:

• Learning disability is intrinsic and due to central nervous system dysfunction.
• It is a variable state which can be addressed by appropriate comprehensible input.
• It can't be attributed to cultural deprivation as it can present in children of any culture.

• It can't be attributed to educational deprivation as it can also present in children with average or above-average IQ.

Key Points

'Dyscalculia' is a type of mathematics-related learning disability which:

• hinders learner's basic understanding of numbers.

• affects learner's ability to perform mathematical calculations.

• makes learners unable in identifying mathematical symbols like +, ×,>, etc.

Hence it could be concluded that in learning disabilities, the name for mathematical disorder is 'Dyscalculia'.

Additional Information

Other Disabilities in Brief:

Language and speech are said to be disordered or impaired if they differ from what is considered the norm. Key Points

The disorders that come under language disorders are Autism, Learning Disability, Specific Language Impairment, Developmental Phonological Disorders Aphasia, Dyspraxia, etc.

• Dyspraxia is a disorder characterised by impairment in the ability of writing, plan and carries out sensory and motor tasks.
• Symptoms include poor balance and coordination, clumsiness, vision problems, perception difficulties, emotional and behavioural problems, difficulty with reading, writing, and speaking, poor social skills, poor posture, and poor short-term memory.
• Dyspraxia is a lifelong disorder. Many individuals are able to compensate for their disabilities through occupational and speech therapy.

​Hence, we can conclude that Poor writing skills which consist of poor motor skills and planning is called Dyspraxia.Key Points

Learning Difficulties: When a person is facing difficulty in learning it may be due to physical limitations/disabilities such as - impairment in hearing, visual, low intellectual functioning, and inappropriate motor coordination. These physical disabilities will stand as obstacles in the path of learning.

Key Points Inclusion of the students with learning difficulties in reading can be done by the following methods:

• Provide them video classes of the lessons so that they can learn the concept with the help of videos.
• Provide them various and different tasks related to their task so they can learn the lesson meaningfully.
• Language subjects should be exempted as much as required.
• Teachers should organize tours, and visits so that the leaner having reading difficulties can learn through observation.

Thus by all these references, we can conclude that reasonable exemptions from language subjects facilitate the students having reading difficulties.

Hint

•  Punishment is not a way to cure the learning difficulties of the learner, this is an irrelevant option.
• Students should not be segregated, because segregation can not promote the learning of the students, and it also opposes the principles of inclusive education.

Developmental disorder refers to the severe, chronic disability of an individual which is likely to continue indefinitely. There are different kinds of developmental disorders and ADHD is one of them.

• The abbreviated term ADHD denotes Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to hyperactivity in a child's behaviour.

Key Points

Typical Behaviours Associated with  Hyperactive Children are:​

• Get distracted easily.
• Poorly sustained attention in all situations.
• difficulty in listening to or following directions. 
• More active or restless than normal children.
• Difficulty in adhering to the rules and regulations.
• Impulsive, over-enthusiastic, and try to do several things at once.
• Diminished persistence in tasks not having immediate consequences. 

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that a student with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is likely to have the tendency to get distracted easily.

Learning: The phenomenon of acquiring a behavioral pattern (such as crying after seeing an injection) due to some previous experience has been termed by psychologists as learning.

Key Points Learned helplessness: 

• The phenomenon of learned helplessness was given by Martin Seligman in the Learning late 1960s while working on classical conditioning with dogs.
• He noticed that those dogs who received an unavoidable electric shock a number of times did not act to rescue themselves when they had an opportunity for it in the subsequent situations. Whereas, those dogs who received no inescapable shock, took action to save themselves from the electric shock.
• He termed the behavior of the first group as learned helplessness- one’s learned response to not taking any appropriate action to avoid aversive stimuli. In other words, one’s tendency to avoid taking any action for a successful escape from an aversive or painful situation is due to a history of failed attempts.
• The theory of learned helplessness has also been successfully applied to understand the problem of depression in human beings.

Thus, learned helplessness occurs when a student believes that the outcomes of academic activities are uncontrollable.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

Key Points

• Phonological training involves teaching students to understand and manipulate the sound structures of language, such as phonemes, syllables, and rhymes.
• This method helps students connect sounds with letters and words, which is crucial for reading.
• Systematic phonological training is structured and incremental, starting with basic sound-letter correspondences and progressively building towards more complex reading skills.
• It helps improve decoding skills, which are essential for reading fluency and comprehension.

Hence, we can conclude that dyslexia can be taught to read through systematic phonological training. 

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc are the most common learning disability. Learning disability is intrinsic and due to central nervous system dysfunction.

Key Points

• Aphasia is an impairment of language functioning caused by damage to the left hemisphere of the brain.
• There are different types of aphasias, for example; Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia.
• Wernicke’s aphasia is caused by damage to the left temporal lobe of the brain.
• It is characterized by notable impairment in the understanding of spoken words and sentences.
• People with Wernicke’s aphasia have generally fluent phonetic and syntactic but semantically coherent speech.
• As a result of injury to the human brain, there can be a disruption of the language comprehension facility and this condition is known as APHASIA. The damage in aphasia is always physical, typically resulting from brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, disease, stroke, or seizures.
• It is often the case that someone who is aphasic has interrelated language disorders. Consequently, the classification of types of aphasics is normally based on the primary symptom of an aphasic who is having difficulties with language. 
• Loss of the ability to use and understand language is usually caused by damage to the brain. The loss may be total or partial and may affect spoken and written language ability. 

Thus, from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that a disorder related to language comprehension is Aphasia.

Additional Information

Some Disabilities in Brief:

Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.

Key PointsAutism:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder is one of the kinds of intellectual disability that means a neuro-developmental condition typically appearing in the first three years of life that significantly affects a person’s ability to communicate, understand relationships and relate to others, and is frequently associated with unusual or stereotypical rituals or behavior.
• Children with autism spectrum disorder experience profound difficulties in relating to other people.
• They are unable to initiate social behavior and seem unresponsive to other people’s feelings. They are unable to share experiences or emotions with others.
• It is characterized by widespread impairments in social interaction and communication skills, and stereotyped patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities.

Thus, it is concluded that Autism causes challenges in ‘social communication’.

Hint 

• Locomotor disability is a disability of the bones, joints, or muscles that leads to substantial restriction of the movement of the limbs or a usual form of cerebral palsy.
• Dyscalculia is a mathematical disability. In this disability, the learner has difficulty in learning or comprehending mathematics. For example, learners with dyscalculia may: have trouble in counting, have trouble in arranging things in order or sequence, etc.
• Dysgraphia is that type of intellectual disability that impacts the writing abilities of learners. Children will have difficulty in writing their ideas in well-structured form and in thinking and writing at the same time. 

Learning disabilities are disorders that affect a person’s ability to understand or respond to new information, or they are disorders that affect the ability to remember information that appears to have been taken in. Learning disabilities tend to cause problems with listening skills, language skills (including speaking, reading, or writing), and mathematical operations. Learning disabilities can also cause problems in coordinating movements, making the child seem (and feel) awkward.

Key Points

Few learning disabilities in children:- 

• Dyscalculia (problems with mathematical operations)
• Dysgraphia (problems with handwriting)
• Information-processing disorders (inability to fully use sensory information)
• Language-related problems, or difficulty with age-appropriate verbal and written communications
• Reading disability or dyslexia
• Significant delay in achieving a developmental milestone, while other areas are normal or above average

Important Points

Causes of learning disabilities:- Learning disabilities are a brain-operational aberrations. This means that the brain assimilates and processes certain kinds of new information and performs operations in unique, unusual ways that often make it difficult to achieve normal learning milestones.

• Environmental factors: Unstimulating the environment at home develops emotional and language deprivation. Language plays a crucial role in a child’s environment, in his thinking as well as in learning other skills. Language deprivation and diversity complicate learning disabilities.
• Physiological factors/Organic factors: Brain injury, damaged central nervous system, genetic factors, and prenatal and postnatal problems also lead to learning disabilities. Maternal health, diet, lifestyle, and postnatal factors like head injury, and nutritional defects are potential causes of learning disability. Maturational lag and neurological disturbances can also be factors that lead to a learning disability.
• Psychological factors: These may be poor perception and lack of conceptualization, unhealthy classroom climate, and lack of scholastic motivation.
• Educational factors: Learning disability may be caused by inadequate, inappropriate teaching, unskilled and inefficiently trained teachers, too high or too low teachers’ expectations towards children, and inappropriate materials and curriculum.

Confusion Points

Organic factors are also known as genetic factors or physiological factors such as brain damage, genetic links, and complications during pregnancy may cause this condition, 

Hence, we can conclude that the above factors cause learning disabilities.

Learning difficulty (learning disability) is the condition in which a child faces problems in understanding or processing information. It can be caused by a variety of factors. For example dyslexia, dysgraphia, etc.

Key Points

Hence, it is clear from the above points that aptitude tests are not useful in diagnosing the specific nature of learning disabilities.