Words in Context MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Words in Context - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Painted Grey Ware.

Key Points

• Painted Grey Ware (PGW) is a type of pottery that emerged as a hallmark of early Iron Age settlements in northern India, particularly during the Vedic period (circa 1200–600 BCE).
• This pottery is characterized by its fine texture, grey color, and painted designs in black or deep brown hues, often depicting geometric patterns or simple motifs.
• PGW is strongly associated with settlements located in the Indo-Gangetic plains, including sites like Hastinapur, Ahichchhatra, and Atranjikhera.
• Archaeological findings suggest that PGW pottery reflects the cultural and technological advancements during the early Iron Age, coinciding with the transition from pastoral to agrarian societies.
• It is often linked with the later Vedic culture and is considered one of the indicators of early urbanization in northern India.

Additional Information

• Black-and-Red Ware:
  • A type of pottery associated with Chalcolithic cultures and some Iron Age sites in India.
  • It features a dual-color scheme with black interiors and red exteriors, often with simple decorations.
  • While significant, it predates Painted Grey Ware and is not specific to early Iron Age settlements.
• Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW):
  • NBPW pottery is a later development, flourishing around 700–200 BCE during the Mauryan period.
  • It is known for its glossy finish and was often associated with urban centers and trade networks.
• Red Polished Ware:
  • This type of pottery is typically associated with later periods, such as the post-Mauryan and Gupta periods.
  • It is characterized by its bright red color and smooth texture, often used for decorative purposes.
• Early Iron Age Settlements:
  • The period saw the rise of agrarian societies, advancements in metallurgy, and the use of iron tools and weapons.
  • Settlements like Hastinapur and Kaushambi flourished during this era, marking the transition to urbanization.

Key Points

• Choice B is the best answer because it logically follows from the text's discussion of the partially deciphered writing system and material remains providing information about the Mayan civilization.
• Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not claim that deciphering the writing system is the most important aspect of studying the civilization.
• Choice C is incorrect because the passage indicates that material remains are also crucial in understanding the civilization.
• Choice D is incorrect because the passage shows that studying monumental architecture has been useful even with only partial understanding of the written language.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Key Points

• Choice D is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the benefits of advancements in medical technology.
• Reliable diagnosis leads to improved patient outcomes and survival rates.
• Choice A is incorrect because the passage indicates that advancements have improved accuracy, not reduced it.
• Choice B is incorrect because frequency does not directly address the quality of diagnosis.
• Choice C is incorrect because while speed is important, the passage emphasizes the reliability of the diagnosis.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Key Points

• Choice C is the best answer. It completes the text's emphasis on preserving historical landmarks.
• Passage suggests maintaining and restoring sites is crucial for cultural heritage, tourism, and education.
• Choice A is incorrect. Passage emphasizes active efforts, not neglect.
• Choice B is incorrect. No mention of controversy in the passage.
• Choice D is incorrect. Passage implies preservation efforts are practical and beneficial.

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Key Points

• Choice B is the best answer. It logically completes the discussion on the increasing use and affordability of renewable energy sources.
• Choice A is incorrect. The passage does not discuss controversy.
• Choice C is incorrect. The passage implies increasing adoption and efficiency of renewable energy, not inefficiency.
• Choice D is incorrect. The passage indicates renewable energy is on the rise, not becoming obsolete.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

The correct answer is Painted Grey Ware.

Key Points

• Painted Grey Ware (PGW) is a type of pottery that emerged as a hallmark of early Iron Age settlements in northern India, particularly during the Vedic period (circa 1200–600 BCE).
• This pottery is characterized by its fine texture, grey color, and painted designs in black or deep brown hues, often depicting geometric patterns or simple motifs.
• PGW is strongly associated with settlements located in the Indo-Gangetic plains, including sites like Hastinapur, Ahichchhatra, and Atranjikhera.
• Archaeological findings suggest that PGW pottery reflects the cultural and technological advancements during the early Iron Age, coinciding with the transition from pastoral to agrarian societies.
• It is often linked with the later Vedic culture and is considered one of the indicators of early urbanization in northern India.

Additional Information

• Black-and-Red Ware:
  • A type of pottery associated with Chalcolithic cultures and some Iron Age sites in India.
  • It features a dual-color scheme with black interiors and red exteriors, often with simple decorations.
  • While significant, it predates Painted Grey Ware and is not specific to early Iron Age settlements.
• Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW):
  • NBPW pottery is a later development, flourishing around 700–200 BCE during the Mauryan period.
  • It is known for its glossy finish and was often associated with urban centers and trade networks.
• Red Polished Ware:
  • This type of pottery is typically associated with later periods, such as the post-Mauryan and Gupta periods.
  • It is characterized by its bright red color and smooth texture, often used for decorative purposes.
• Early Iron Age Settlements:
  • The period saw the rise of agrarian societies, advancements in metallurgy, and the use of iron tools and weapons.
  • Settlements like Hastinapur and Kaushambi flourished during this era, marking the transition to urbanization.

Choice C is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of the study of female participation in hunting among prehistoric peoples. In this context, 'negligible' means not significant enough to be worth considering. The text says that the study challenged the accepted view of female participation in hunting among prehistoric peoples. The text goes on to say that the researchers found that 'in fact, as many as half' the hunters in the groups studied were female. The phrase 'in fact' establishes a contrast indicating that the finding that as many as half the hunters were female differs from the accepted view. This context suggests, then, that the accepted view is that female participation in hunting was negligible. Choice A is incorrect because the text indicates that the study challenged the accepted view by showing that as many as half of hunters among prehistoric peoples were female, which suggests that the accepted view is that female participation was low, not that female participation was 'inevitable,' or unavoidable. Nothing in the text suggests that the accepted view is that prehistoric peoples could not avoid female participation in hunting. Choice B is incorrect because nothing in the text suggests that the accepted view of female participation in hunting among prehistoric peoples is that such participation was 'satisfactory,' or sufficient to meet a requirement or demand. There is no information in the text about any demands or requirements regarding female participation in hunting, let alone any information about how much female participation in hunting would be enough to satisfy those demands or requirements. Instead, the text indicates that the study challenged the accepted view by showing that as many as half the hunters in the groups studied were female, suggesting that the accepted view is that female participation in hunting was low. Choice D is incorrect because the text indicates that the study challenged the accepted view by showing that as many as half of hunters among the prehistoric peoples studied were female, which suggests that the accepted view is that female participation was low, not that female participation was 'commonplace,' or ordinary or unremarkable. Although the study under discussion suggests that female participation may have been commonplace, that study is presented as challenging the accepted view, not as reinforcing the accepted view.

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of bronze- and brass-casting techniques used by the Igun Eronmwon guild. In this context 'adhere to' would mean to act in accordance with. The text states that although members of the Igun Eronmwon guild typically do something with techniques that have been passed down since the thirteenth century, they 'don't strictly observe every tradition.' By establishing a contrast with not always following traditions, the context suggests that guild members do typically adhere to traditional techniques. Choice A is incorrect because in this context 'experiment with' would mean to do something new with. Although using motors rather than manual bellows is presented as a new approach, the text establishes a contrast between what the guild members typically do with techniques that have been passed down over centuries and the idea that the members 'don't strictly observe every tradition.' The phrase 'experiment with' wouldn't support the contrast because regularly trying new things with the techniques would be an example of not strictly following all traditions. Choice C is incorrect because in this context 'improve on' would mean to make better. Although using motors rather than manual bellows might be an improved approach, the text establishes a contrast between what the guild members typically do with techniques that have been passed down over centuries and the idea that the members 'don't strictly observe every tradition.' The phrase 'improve on' wouldn't support the contrast because regularly making changes to the techniques would be an example of not strictly following all traditions. Choice D is incorrect because in this context 'grapple with' would mean to try hard to solve a difficult problem. Although bronze- and brass-casting are likely challenging tasks, nothing in the text suggests that the guild members have any particular difficulties with the techniques passed down since the thirteenth century.

Choice C is the best answer because it most logically completes the discussion of the artist Diego Velázquez's influence outside Spain. As used in this context, 'confined to' means restricted to. The text says that Velázquez was the leading artist in the Spanish court during the seventeenth century, but it also notes that other painters around the world were influenced by his techniques and style. Thus, Velázquez's influence was hardly (or almost not) confined to, or restricted to, Spain. Choice A is incorrect because if Velázquez was a leading artist in Spain, it doesn't make logical sense to claim that his influence was hardly (or almost not) derived from, or obtained from, Spain. Moreover, the other painters around the world who employed Velázquez's techniques would by definition be influenced by Spanish style. Choice B is incorrect because if Velázquez was a leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain, then his influence must have been widely recognized, or acknowledged, rather than being hardly (or almost not) recognized. Choice D is incorrect because the text gives no indication that deliberately limiting Velázquez's influence outside Spain was ever considered by anyone. Thus, even if it is true that his influence was not repressed, or restrained, it doesn't make logical sense to say so in this context.

Choice A is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of how biodiversity loss due to invasive species can be avoided. As used in this context, 'preventable' means able to be stopped or kept from happening. The text indicates that 'people can take simple steps' to avoid bringing possible invasive species into new environments. It presents these steps as an example of how biodiversity loss due to invasive species is preventable. Choice B is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense to say that a simple step like washing your shoes after traveling is an example of biodiversity loss due to invasive species being 'undeniable,' or something that can't be proved to be wrong. Although the text may suggest that biodiversity loss due to invasive species is something that really happens, the word that completes the text must make the first sentence into an assertion that is illustrated by the second sentence, and the second sentence illustrates the idea that biodiversity loss due to invasive species is preventable, not undeniable. Choice C is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense to say that a simple step like washing your shoes after traveling is an example of biodiversity loss due to invasive species being 'common,' or something that happens regularly. Additionally, the text doesn't provide any information about how frequently invasive species cause biodiversity loss. Choice D is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense to say that a simple step like washing your shoes after traveling is an example of biodiversity loss due to invasive species being 'concerning,' or something that is troubling or causes worry. Although the text implies that the phenomenon of biodiversity loss due to invasive species is itself a concerning phenomenon, the word that completes the text must make the first sentence into an assertion that is illustrated by the second sentence, and the second sentence illustrates the idea that biodiversity loss due to invasive species is preventable, not concerning.

Choice D is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of the location of the province of Xoconochco within the Aztec Empire. As used in this context, 'peripheral' means situated toward the outer bounds rather than the center. The text indicates that Xoconochco was located on a coast, hundreds of kilometers away from the capital of the Aztec Empire. The text also states that trade between the province and the capital required 'a long overland journey.' This context suggests that Xoconochco was situated toward an edge of the empire's territory rather than near its center. Choice A is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense in context to refer to Xoconochco's location within the Aztec Empire as 'unobtrusive,' or not blatant or undesirably prominent; it's not clear how a province's physical location would or wouldn't be blatant. Instead of focusing on how noticeable Xoconochco's location was, the text emphasizes the province's distance from the capital of the empire, pointing out that because of this distance trade between the two required 'a long overland journey.' Choice B is incorrect because the text indicates that the province of Xoconochco was located on a coast far from the capital of the Aztec Empire, not that it was 'concealed,' or kept out of sight or hidden from view. Nothing in the text suggests that Xoconochco was actually hidden such that people couldn't see it, and being hidden wouldn't necessarily result in trade between the province and the capital requiring 'a long overland journey.' Choice C is incorrect because to say that Xoconochco's location within the Aztec Empire was 'approximate' would mean that the location either wasn't precisely correct or was close to some other location. Neither of these meanings would make sense in context because the text indicates that Xoconochco's location is known and that it was far from the empire's capital, so there's no reason to characterize the location as either not precisely correct or close to another location.

Choice D is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of baleen whale accessory spleens. In this context, 'latent' means dormant or functionless. The text sets up a contrast between the idea that baleen whale accessory spleens appear not to have a function and the research indicating that the accessory spleen may actually have a role in supporting the whales' diving mechanisms. This context therefore conveys the idea that the assumption that baleen whale accessory spleens are latent may be incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense to say that the role of the accessory spleen is 'replicable,' or capable of being reproduced. The text indicates that the role of the accessory spleen seems to have no function, but some researchers think it does have a role; the text doesn't address whether the role of the accessory spleen could or couldn't be reproduced. Choice B is incorrect because suggesting that the role of the accessory spleen is 'predetermined,' or decided in advance, wouldn't make sense in context. Although the researchers may agree that the role of the accessory spleen or any other organ hasn't been determined in advance, the text focuses on the idea that the accessory spleen was thought to have been functionless but may in fact serve an active role for baleen whales. Choice C is incorrect because it's the opposite of what the context of the text is conveying. The second sentence of the text indicates that baleen whale accessory spleens may not be useless, not that they aren't 'operative,' or functional.

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of the author's claim about the relationship between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. As used in this context, 'tenuous' means lacking substance. The end of the first sentence states that the author's claim didn't consider certain key pieces of evidence-'recent archaeological discoveries'-and is therefore weak. Choice A is incorrect because it wouldn't make sense in context to refer to the author's claim as 'disorienting,' or confusing. The text suggests that the author's claim is insubstantial, not that it's difficult to grasp. Choice C is incorrect because referring to the claim as 'nuanced,' or subtle, wouldn't make sense in context. According to the text, the claim is incomplete because it didn't consider certain key information about recent archaeological finds; it doesn't suggest that what's in the claim lacks precision. Choice D is incorrect because saying that the claim is 'unoriginal,' or imitative, wouldn't make sense in context. The text faults the claim because it doesn't consider certain key information about recent archaeological finds; it doesn't suggest that the author's claim lacks originality.

Choice D is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of Sam Gilliam's artworks. As used in this context, 'creating' means producing or bringing something into existence. The text indicates that Gilliam is an artist who made draped canvases and, later, quilt-like paintings. This context supports the idea that Gilliam explored different styles in his art by creating special types of paintings. Choice A is incorrect because the text indicates that Gilliam actually explored and pursued the creation of quilt-like paintings; he wasn't just 'predicting,' or declaring in advance, the existence of these paintings. Choice B is incorrect because in this context 'refusing' would mean rejecting, and there is nothing in the text to suggest that Gilliam rejected his quilt-like paintings. Instead, the text indicates that he was exploring and pursuing a new art style in these paintings. Choice C is incorrect because in this context 'hiding' would mean concealing from view, and there is nothing in the text to suggest that Gilliam attempted to conceal his quilt-like paintings. Instead, the text indicates that he was exploring and pursuing a new art style in these paintings.

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the text's discussion of Jeyifous's series of images for the 2020 exhibition. In this context, 'created' means produced. The text explains that Jeyifous, a photographer and neurobiologist, photographed adults who had appeared as children in posters from the 1970s, then combined those photographs with magnified images of the adults' cells-a process that resulted in what he called 'micro and macro portraiture.' This context suggests that Jeyifous drew on his dual interests in photography and neurobiology to produce the images for display in the exhibition. Choice A is incorrect because there's nothing in the text to suggest that Jeyifous 'validated,' or corroborated, the series of images. The text describes Jeyifous's process for composing the images but doesn't describe Jeyifous making an effort to evaluate the images for their artistic or scientific legitimacy. Choice C is incorrect because there's nothing in the text to suggest that Jeyifous 'challenged,' or disputed, an aspect of the images; rather, the focus of the text is on the inspiration behind the images and the method Jeyifous used to achieve them. Choice D is incorrect because the text indicates that Jeyifous made the images himself using a combination of photography and magnified pictures of cells, not that he 'restored,' or reconditioned, the images from a deteriorated state.