Alternative Conceptions of Learning in Children MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Alternative Conceptions of Learning in Children - Download Free PDF

• ত্রুটি: যখন একজন শিক্ষার্থী একটি বিষয় আয়ত্ত করতে পারে না, তখন তার মধ্যে ভুল করার সম্ভাবনা থাকে। ভুলগুলি হল শিখনের সময় একটি শিশুর দ্বারা করা ভুল ছাড়া কিছুই নয়।
• ভ্রান্ত ধারণা: এটি পূর্বে আত্তীকৃত এবং নতুন সংযোজিত জ্ঞানের অমিলের কারণে ঘটে।

শিশুদের ভুল এবং ভ্রান্ত ধারণা:

• শিক্ষণ-শিখন প্রক্রিয়ার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ধাপ।
• শিশুদের চিন্তাভাবনার অন্তর্দৃষ্টি প্রদান করা হল শিখন প্রক্রিয়ার ক্ষেত্রে প্রয়োজনীয়।
• শিক্ষককে শিক্ষার্থীদের শিখন শৈলী সম্পর্কে সচেতন হতে, তাদের চাহিদা অনুযায়ী তাদের পূরণ করতে সাহায্য করা।
• শিক্ষণ-শিখন প্রক্রিয়ার একটি অংশ হিসাবে বিবেচনা করা হয় কারণ এটি শিশুকে বুঝতে সাহায্য করে।

সুতরাং, আমরা এই সিদ্ধান্তে উপনীত হতে পারি যে শিশুদের ভুল এবং ভ্রান্ত ধারণাগুলি হল শিক্ষণ-শিখন প্রক্রিয়ার ক্ষেত্রে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পদক্ষেপ।

Additional Information

ভুল এবং ভ্রান্ত ধারণার কারণ: 

• আগ্রহ ও জ্ঞানের অভাব
• ধারণার ভুল বোঝাবুঝি
• গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পয়েন্ট বা পদক্ষেপ মিস করা
• কেন্দ্রীয় ধারণা বা ধারণা উপলব্ধি করতে অক্ষমতা
• পূর্বে আত্মীকৃত জ্ঞান সম্পর্কিত ভুলে যাওয়া

Children's cognitive level is a significant determiner of their learning process.

Hint

• Misconceptions and errors are the results of defects in the concept's development in the child.
• Misconception is the wrong idea about a particular topic and this lead to defects in all related topic.
• Errors can be of three types: Procedural error, conceptual error and Random/human error
• Misconception and errors are detected by teachers through various assessments and by asking questions in the class.
• Teachers after careful analysis of the them design the remedial strategy which can be used to overcome the misconception.

Thus, if misconceptions and errors are not tackled immediately, they will serve as significant inroads into a child's thought.

In a constructivist approach, learning is viewed as an active process of constructing meaning and understanding.

Key Points

• When students hold misconceptions or incorrect understandings, it is important to address these misconceptions in a constructive manner.
• Engaging students in discussions about counter-perspectives promotes active participation, encourages questioning, and fosters a deeper understanding of the topic.
• Teachers can facilitate this process by providing opportunities for students to share their ideas, presenting alternative viewpoints, guiding reflective discussions, and encouraging students to critically analyze and evaluate different perspectives.

Hint

• Ignoring misconceptions or assigning passive memorization tasks do not effectively address the underlying issues and may even reinforce the misconceptions.
• Punishing students (option 3) for their misconceptions is counterproductive and can create a negative learning environment.

In summary, a constructivist approach to dealing with misconceptions is to give opportunities for discussing counter perspectives.

The parenting style is the most useful concept that moderates the effectiveness of the child rearing practices It changes the child’s openness to socialization. Darling and Steinberg (1993) are of the view that parenting style and parenting practices are the mechanisms through which parents directly help their child attain their socialization goals.

Key PointsThe four parenting styles are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved styles. 

• Permissive Style: Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents “are more responsive than they are demanding.

Hence, we can conclude that Permissive style is characterized by giving no rules or structure to children.

Additional Information

• Authoritarian Style: In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, “Because I said so.” 
• Authoritative Style: Authoritative parents set limits and demand maturity, but when punishing a child, the parent will explain his or her motive for their punishment. Their punishments are measured and consistent in discipline, not harsh or arbitrary. Parents will set clear standards for their children, monitor limits that they set, and also allow children to develop autonomy.
• Uninvolved Style: An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. While these parents fulfill the child’s basic needs, they are generally detached from their child’s life. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. This is also called neglectful parenting. 

Failure is the state or condition of not meeting a desirable goals and may be viewed as the opposite of success. There are many physical, intellectual, scholastical, emotional, and cultural causes for the failure of students.

Key PointsReasons for the Failure of Students in Schools are:

• Lack of adequate practice
• Fear of Examination.
• Not being compatible with the school environment
• Students fail because teaching is not done in a way that is meaningful to them
• Teaching through incorrect teaching methods because the school system does not take care of the needs and interests of every student
• Non-coordination between teaching and learning
• A continuous decrease in the intellectual development of the child

Hence, we can conclude that "fear of Examination" causes children to fail in examinations.

The human mind is a beautiful creation of god and is the most powerful tool in the world. It has the power to create, innovate, change and even destroy things in the world. The power of the mind has allowed humans to become the superior species.

• It is the virtue of the mind that we have the capability of creating our own thought process. As each individual presents their viewpoint, it is obvious that people will have a conflict of opinions amongst each other. This creates the ideology of conceptions and misconceptions.

Key Points

• Alternative conceptions are generated as a concept is understood from different aspects, while the misconception is a thought process that goes in the wrong direction due to a lack of complete information or just ignorance.
• Formation of alternative conceptions and misconceptions is very natural among children as well as adults because it is a natural thought process and no two minds can think alike exactly.
• A teacher should definitely attend to these alternative conceptions and misconceptions as they are significant in process of teaching-learning because they are very helpful; in developing critical thinking. Without this, a child would not be able to put forward one's own views and would end up mugging things.
• Alternative conceptions about misconceptions are not always baseless rather these represent children's intuitive ideas about the world around them​ as it shows their thinking and they can think and put forward their views.

Thus, it is concluded that alternative conceptions and misconceptions formed by students should be highly discouraged by the teacher statement is NOT correct in this context

Hint

• ​Alternative conceptions and misconceptions formed by students should not be discouraged by the teacher. Rather they should be encouraged, guided, and directed to develop a positive critical thinking environment.

When teachers provide instruction on concepts in various subjects, they are teaching students who already have some pre-instructional knowledge about the topic. Student knowledge, however, can be erroneous, illogical, or misinformed. These erroneous understandings are termed alternative conceptions or wrong concepts. 

Purpose of Alternative Conceptions:

• These concepts are a normal part of the learning process.
• Through this process, the teacher recognizes that children are capable of thinking and their thinking is different from that of adults.
• They naturally form ideas from our everyday experience, but not all the ideas we develop are correct concerning the most current evidence and scholarship in a given discipline.
• This helps the students to interpret new experiences through these erroneous understandings for being able to correctly grasp new information.
• The teacher used instructional strategies to be effective in achieving conceptual change and helping students leave their alternative conceptions.

Hence, we can conclude that nowadays there is a tendency to refer to 'wrong concepts' of children as 'alternative conceptions'. This could be attributed to the recognition that children are capable of thinking and their thinking is different from that of adults.

All learners make mistakes. As someone has said: "You can't learn without goofing". Whether you are learning how to ride a bicycle, how to fly a kite or learn a language, everyone does make mistakes.

Key Points

• An error is an incorrect form and a sure indication that the learner has not mastered the core of the selective topic in a learning process.
• The qualitative difference in children's thinking as compared to adults is reflected in the type of errors made by the children.
• Errors can occur in adults as well as children. The qualitative effect of errors can be observed through the type of error.
• Adults tend to make silly mistakes that may not be serious as they tend to overlook minor details and focus on bigger things.
• Whereas children may make a significantly big error as they may not have the experience of the concept.

​Thus, it is concluded that errors made by children are indicative of children's thinking process which is qualitatively different from that of adults. 

Hint 

• Errors do not represent poor intelligence, low ability, and children's inability to reproduce knowledge. Errors are never permanent. They can be rectified and can be improved.​

Error: When a learner can’t master a topic, he/she is vulnerable to making errors. Errors are nothing but incorrectness made by a child during learning. 

• Misconceptions: These take place due to the mismatch in previously assimilated and newly accommodated knowledge. 

Key Points Children’s errors and misconceptions:

• are significant steps in the teaching-learning process.
• are necessary for the learning process to give insight into children's thinking.
• help the teacher to be aware of learners' learning styles, to cater to them according to their needs.
• are considered a part of the teaching-learning process as it helps to understand the child.

Hence, it could be concluded that children’s errors and misconceptions are significant steps in the teaching-learning process.

Additional InformationReasons for errors and misconceptions:

• Lack of interest & knowledge
• Misunderstanding of concept
• Missing out on important points or steps
• Inability to grasp the central idea or concept
• Forgetting related previously assimilated knowledge

The human mind is a beautiful creation of god and is the most powerful tool in the world. It has the power to create, innovate, change and even destroy things in the world. 

• It is the virtue of the mind that we have the capability of creating our own thought processes. As each individual presents their viewpoint, it is obvious that people will have a conflict of opinions with each other. This creates the ideology of conceptions and misconceptions.

Key Points

• Alternative conceptions are generated as a concept is understood from different aspects, while the misconception is a thought process that goes in the wrong direction due to a lack of complete information or just ignorance.
• Alternative conceptions and misconceptions are not always baseless rather they represent children's intuitive ideas about particular concepts and the world around them​ as it shows their thinking and they can think and put forward their views.
• The formation of alternative conceptions and misconceptions is very natural among children as well as adults because it is a natural thought process and no two minds can think alike exactly.
• A teacher should definitely attend to these alternative conceptions and misconceptions as they are significant in process of teaching-learning because they are very helpful; in developing critical thinking. Without this, a child would not be able to put forward one's own views and would end up mugging things.

Thus, it is concluded that alternate conceptions and misconceptions hold by children represent intuitive ideas about particular concepts.

Children's explanations of various scientific topics that diverge from the generally accepted scientific explanation are known as alternative beliefs.

Key PointsTechniques to address alternative beliefs of children:

• The teacher should encourage children to reflect on their own alternate beliefs.
• ​The teacher should always generate situations where the alternative beliefs carried by students can be expressed.
• The teacher should present children with experiences that lead to cognitive conflict.
• The teacher should create situations where children feel free to express their views or thoughts on a concept.

Hence, we conclude that in order to address the alternative beliefs carried by students it is important to generate situations where alternative beliefs carried by students can be expressed.

Hint

• Content should not be delivered in the classroom through teacher-centric pedagogies it does not involve children actively in the learning process.
• The teacher should never ignore the role of sociocultural context in the learning process as it plays a vital role in students' achievement.
• The teacher should always encourage children to express their views to gain insight into their understanding of a concept.

All learners make mistakes. As someone has said: "You can't learn without goofing". Whether you are learning how to ride a bicycle, how to fly a kite or learn a language, everyone does make mistakes.

Key Points

• An error is an incorrect form and a sure indication that the learner has not mastered the core of the selective topic in a learning process.
• Errors offer an opportunity for the teachers to understand students’ thinking or thought processes since they are a window to children's thinking. 
• Errors are necessary for the learning process to give insight into children's thinking. It helps the teacher to be aware of learners' learning styles and to cater to them according to their needs.
• Making an error cannot be just due to negligence and carelessness. It may be so that students are thinking about it in a different manner other than what is the right process.
• To understand this, a teacher should analyze what mistake the students are doing, how the mistake is generated, and where exactly they tend to make mistakes.​

Hence, it is clear that errors offer an opportunity for the teachers to understand students’ thinking.

The human mind is a beautiful creation of god and is the most powerful tool in the world. It has the power to create, innovate, change and even destroy things in the world. 

• It is the virtue of the mind that we have the capability of creating our own thought processes. As each individual presents their viewpoint, it is obvious that people will have a conflict of opinions with each other. It creates the ideology of misconceptions.

Key Points

• A misconception is a thought process that goes in the wrong direction due to a lack of complete information or just ignorance.
• Misconceptions are not always baseless rather they represent children's native and intuitive understanding about concepts and the world around them​ as it shows their thinking and they can think and put forward their views.
• The formation of misconceptions is very natural among children as well as adults because it is a natural thought process and no two minds can think alike exactly.
• A teacher should definitely attend to misconceptions as they are significant in process of teaching-learning because they are very helpful; in developing critical thinking. Without this, a child would not be able to put forward one's own views and would end up mugging things.

Thus, it is concluded that misconceptions among students represent their native and intuitive understanding about concepts.

Misconception, false opinion, wrong and premature understanding exist in all age groups of students as well as people throughout the world. Misconceptions are what students themselves develop erroneously and are different from the scientifically accepted concepts.

Key Points

• To deal with misconceptions teachers should not ignore students' misconceptions rather they should identify misconceptions and try to clear them by giving appropriate examples. 
• Before misconceptions can be corrected, they need to be identified. Essay assignments that ask students to explain their reasoning are useful for detecting students' misconceptions.
• These essays and discussions need not be used for grading, but rather can be used as part of the learning process to find out what and how your students are thinking.

• Teachers should provide a forum for students to confront their misconceptions and should help students reconstruct and internalize their knowledge, based on scientific models

Hence, we can conclude that it is important to identify the misconceptions among students.

The human mind is a beautiful creation of god and is the most powerful tool in the world. It has the power to create, innovate, change and even destroy things in the world. 

• It is the virtue of the mind that we have the capability of creating our own thought processes. As each individual presents their viewpoint, it is obvious that people will have a conflict of opinions with each other. This creates the ideology of conceptions and misconceptions.

Key Points

• A misconception is a thought process that goes in the wrong direction due to a lack of complete information or just ignorance.
• Misconceptions are not always baseless rather they represent children's intuitive ideas about particular concepts and the world around them​ as it shows their thinking and they can think and put forward their views.
• The formation of misconceptions is very natural among children as well as adults because it is a natural thought process and no two minds can think alike exactly.
• A teacher should definitely attend to these misconceptions as they are significant in process of teaching-learning because they are very helpful; in developing critical thinking. Without this, a child would not be able to put forward one's own views and would end up mugging things.

Thus, it is concluded that misconceptions among children are natural.