Approaches to Learning MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Approaches to Learning - Download Free PDF

Active learning is a teaching approach that actively engages students in the learning process rather than passively receiving information. It emphasizes meaningful participation, collaboration, exploration, and reflection. The goal is to develop critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills through hands-on experiences rather than rote memorization.

Key Points

• Engaging in projects and activities , participating in group discussions, and solving real-life problems are all powerful strategies that align with active learning.
• Projects and activities allow children to construct knowledge through doing and reflecting.
• Group discussions promote social learning, communication skills, and the sharing of diverse perspectives.
• Real-life problem-solving connects classroom learning with the outside world, making education more relevant and practical.
• Together, these approaches ensure deeper understanding and longer retention of concepts.

 Hint

• Rote memorization of facts, is a passive method where learners simply recall information without necessarily understanding or applying it. This approach does not encourage active participation or critical engagement and is therefore not a feature of active learning.

Hence, the correct answer is (i), (ii), (iv).

A teacher has the responsibility of making the class interesting. This is possible when the learners participate actively in the teaching-learning process. NPE 1986 advocated a ‘child-centred and activity-based process of learning’. Therefore, it becomes the responsibility of the teacher to create a learning environment by following appropriate strategies and help children to construct their knowledge.

Key Points

• Experiential Learning-
  • Experiential learning as the term suggests is a strategy used in learning by experience. The way the experience is processed is considered central to learning.
  • This strategy allows for fieldwork connecting learning to real-life situations. Here you can use concrete experiences to understand the new ideas/concepts and use the feedback to validate the new concept. 
  • Experiential learning can be a highly effective educational method. It engages the learner at a more personal level by addressing the needs and wants of the individual.
  • It is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It focuses on the learning process for the individual.
  • The process of experiential learning allows one to learn new skills, new attitudes or even entirely new ways of thinking.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that experiential learning can be a highly effective educational method. It engages the learner at a more personal level by addressing the needs and wants of the individual. 

Additional Information

• Project Learning-
  • A project is an activity-based method that provides learners with real-life experiences.
  • This method provides an opportunity to integrate the features of many other methods like field visits, activity-based methods, cooperative learning, concept mapping, map-based learning, etc. 
• ​Observational Learning-
  • Observational learning (also known as vicarious learning, social learning, or modeling) is a type of learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining, and replicating novel behavior executed by others.
  • Observational learning is a key learning method for children when acquiring basic tasks such as language and cultural norms.
• Active learning is a situation where children construct their knowledge by their active engagement in the learning process. It is in contrast to objectivist, where knowledge was supplied by a teacher or a more learned person to a young learner or less knowledgeable person.

The discovery approach in teaching and learning emphasizes active participation and exploration by the learner.

• In this approach, students learn through inquiry, problem-solving, and hands-on activities, rather than being given the knowledge directly by the teacher. 

Key Points

• Jerome Bruner is credited for popularizing the discovery approach in teaching and learning.
• Bruner, an American psychologist, strongly advocated for discovery learning, which involves students actively discovering information for themselves.
• He believed that learning should be structured in a way that allows students to construct their own knowledge through exploration and interaction with the environment.

Hint

• H .E. Armstrong is not known for promoting the discovery approach but is more associated with educational psychology and research on learning.
• Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, focused on cognitive development and believed that children go through specific stages of development in learning.
• Thorndike is known for his laws of learning, such as the law of effect, but he was more focused on behaviorist approaches to learning rather than promoting discovery learning.

Hence, Jerome Bruner is the person credited for popularizing the discovery approach in teaching and learning.

The discussion method of teaching is an interactive approach that promotes critical thinking, exchange of ideas, and student participation. Key PointsTopics appropriate to teach through discussion method:

• Foreign Policy of India – This is a topic that involves historical and current political factors and could be very effectively taught through discussion, as students can explore various aspects, perspectives, and the implications of India's foreign policy decisions.
• Living in Modern India – This topic can be approached through discussion because it involves social issues, cultural changes, and opinions about living in contemporary India. It allows students to share their views, experiences, and ideas about modern living.
• UNO and World Peace – This is another topic that is ideal for the discussion method. Students can debate the effectiveness of the United Nations, discuss global peace initiatives, and explore their own views on international diplomacy and conflict resolution.

Hint

• Solar System – This topic is more fact-based and involves understanding scientific concepts such as the planets, stars, and other celestial bodies.
• It does not lend itself easily to open-ended discussion, as there are clear facts and scientific explanations that need to be understood and taught in a structured manner

Hence, the correct answer is Solar System.

School Management Committee (SMC) is a body mandated under the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 to ensure the active participation of parents and the local community in the functioning of government and government-aided schools.

Key Points

• Under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, the composition of the School Management Committee (SMC) mandates that at least 75% (3/4) of its members be parents or guardians of children enrolled in the school.
• This ensures active parental involvement in school governance and decision-making processes. 
• 25% (1/4th) members should be from the school itself, and may be subject-specific teachers, local authorities, and other dignitaries.
• 50% of women's representation is compulsory.

Hence, the correct answer is 3/4.

A leadership style refers to a leader's methods and behaviors when directing, motivating, and managing others.

• An individual's leadership style also determines how they strategize and implement plans while accounting for the expectations of stakeholders and the well-being of their team.

Important Points

• Transformational leadership is a leadership style that can inspire positive changes among those who follow.
• Transformational leaders are usually energetic, enthusiastic, and passionate. Not only are these leaders related and involved in the process, but they are also focused on helping each member of the group succeed.
• Transformational leadership is a leadership style in which leaders encourage, inspire, and motivate employees to innovate and make changes that will help develop and shape the company's future success.

Thus, it is concluded that the leadership style, in which the chief encourages and motivates his subordinates to work beyond their capabilities and expectations, is called transformational leadership.

Additional Information

• Directional leadership style is a leadership style where all power lies with the leader - it is highly centralized and undivided.
• Operational leadership is the management, development, and implementation of business operations. This includes staff supervision, production, and financial costs.

Micro-teaching is defined as teaching in miniature where it is scaled down in size of the class time and task with focus on a specific teaching skill.

• The concept of micro-teaching is a training concept that can be applied at various pre-service and in-service stages in the professional development of teachers.
• Microteaching sessions involve one student teacher, the class instructor (or school supervisor who provides feedback to the student-teacher), and a small group of peers.
• These sessions allow student teachers to practice and polish their teaching techniques in a simulated environment before putting them into practice with students.

Key Points

• Standard time duration of a micro teaching cycle is:
  • Teach - 6 minutes
  • Feedback  - 6 minutes
  • Re-plan - 12 minutes
  • Re-teach - 6 minutes
  • Re-feedback - 6 minutes
  • Total - 36 minutes

There are six steps of micro-teaching which are as follows -

Hence, it could be concluded that 36 mins is the standard time duration of a micro teaching cycle.

Children are our nation's most precious resource, but as children, they often lack the skills to protect themselves. It is our responsibility, as parents and teachers, to safeguard children.

Key PointsWorld Health Organization, also known as WHO, gave important norms related to the safety of students in school. 

• School Safety has been defined as the creation of safe environments for children starting from their homes to their schools and back.
• This includes safety from large-scale 'natural' hazards of geological/climatic origin, human-made risks, pandemics, violence as well as more frequent and smaller-scale fires, transportation and other related emergencies, and environmental threats that can adversely affect the lives of children.
• The National School Safety Policy Guidelines apply to all schools in the country – whether government, aided or private, irrespective of their location in rural or urban areas.

Thus, it is concluded that WHO gave important norms related to the safety of students in school. 

​Problem-solving is the process of finding permanent solutions to a particular problem. This process begins with defining the problem correctly and identifying all the possible root causes that can create the problem.

• Eliminating the root cause which is non-effective for a particular problem. Simulating various scenarios to realize problem generation and finally working out a permanent solution to eliminate the root cause is the step to solve a problem.

Key Points

• In the context of problem-solving, getting stuck on one way of representing a problem is called a response set.
• Response set comes when the solver relies heavily on the rule of thumb or common sense rather than making efforts to look for the best solution.
• A response set is a human tendency to answer questions in ways that are the most complimentary, or flattering, to the respondent rather than telling the absolute truth.
• Good problem solvers tend to have a lack of response set as they will think divergently and try to analyze every possible outcome of the given problem before responding or solving a problem.

Hence, in the context of problem-solving, getting stuck on one way of representing a problem is called a response set.
Hint

• In verbalization, students verbalize their thoughts while solving a problem. Students are first instructed on how to use a strategy and are asked to verbalize their thoughts as they solve problems.
• In the means-end analysis, a problem is solved by dividing the in into a number of sub-goals. It is an example of an effective problem-solving strategy.
• Analogical thinking or argument by analogy can be defined as a specific way of thinking, based on the idea that because two or more things are similar in some respects, they are probably also similar in some further respect.

The concept of micro-teaching is a training concept that can be applied at various pre-service and in-service stages in the professional development of teachers.

Important Points 

• Micro-teaching is defined as teaching in miniature where it is scaled down in size of the class time and task with focus on a specific teaching skill.
• Microteaching sessions involve one student teacher, the class instructor (or school supervisor who provides feedback to the student-teacher), and a small group of peers.
• These sessions allow student teachers to practice and polish their teaching techniques in a simulated environment before putting them into practice with students.

Key PointsThere are six steps of micro-teaching which are as follows -

• Planning: In this step, the teachers plan the length of the lesson (a single concept is chosen), the scope of the lesson, class time, usually 5 to 10 minutes. 
• Teaching: Student-teacher observes the demo lesson given by the teacher educator.
• Feedback: The teacher educator give constructive feedback to the student-teacher for more improvement which leads to the re-planning.
• Re-Planning: As per the feedback, the student-teacher re-plan the lesson with modifications and make the lesson more interesting and effective.
• Re-Teaching: Again teach the students with a new modified lesson in an effective way.
• Re-Feedback: Again the teacher educator gives constructive feedback for polishing the skills of the student-teacher. This process is going on until the student-teacher gain perfection in each skill of teaching.

Hence, it could be concluded that the teacher gives constructive feedback to the student-teacher for more improvement which leads to re-planning.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behaviour, knowledge, and skills as a result of practice and experience.

Key Points

Children learn concepts and attach labels to them from direct contact with the physical world as it is related to learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of one's own actions which helps learners in:

• retaining information and concepts for a longer period.
• enhancing skills and a better understanding of the concept.
• nurturing their curiosity and interest in the learning process.
• gaining concrete experience by actively engaging with content.
• assimilating practical knowledge by applying theoretical knowledge.

Hence, it could be concluded that children learn concepts and attach labels to them from direct contact with the physical world.

Hint

• Language plays a significant role in the learning process as it consists of a set of sounds and written symbols that make an individual able to express his/her thoughts and ideas in the learning process.

Oral guidance is a process of instructing or supporting the students in the learning process through auditory instruction. Oral guidance is effective while explaining the concepts learned in the classroom and before performing physical experiments. 

Key Points

Use of oral guidance:

Teaching concepts:

• Concepts can be effectively explained through oral guidance as explaining a concept is basically to provide an insight into the working process of any phenomenon.
• For example, An automobile engineer can orally explain the working process of a car's engine, and the listener will also be able to understand the concept. 

Teaching facts:

• Facts are kinds of information that are known to be universally true which have been established and proven through the data. Facts can also be effectively explained through oral guidance.
• For example, A Teacher can orally explain the list of 10 most populated countries in the world based on the census data which is a proven fact. 

Teaching skills:

• Skills, however, cannot be effectively explained through this technique as it requires the learner to physically practice the skills to improve and achieve perfection.
• For example, In Cricket, a coach can verbally instruct the bowler to swing his arm in a particular action to pitch a full-length delivery but the bowler trying to learn has to practice the skills in order to achieve the desired results.

Hence, it could be concluded that Oral guidance is less effective in Teaching skills.

(A) the print-rich environment in the classroom: 

• A print-rich environment is one where young children get many different opportunities to interact with many different forms of print. 
• That is, in order to be truly print-rich, a classroom needs to display and use print meaningfully during teaching and learning. 
• This exploration of print in meaningful contexts and observing adults around the use of print is critical for literacy development because it shows children that print carries meaning and that reading and writing serve real, everyday purposes. 
• Over time, children become motivated to try to read and write themselves and they can develop language.  
• “A print-rich environment is one in which “children interact with many forms of print, including signs, labeled centers, wall stories, word displays, labeled murals, bulletin boards, charts, poems, and other printed materials. 
• A print-rich environment in a primary classroom is essential for the language development of children.​

(B) Emotions play an important role in learning: Emotions impact learning in four ways. 

• They impact our levels of motivation (motivational impact). 
• Positive emotions can help a student engage with learning longer because they stay motivated. 
• Emotions during learning also impact our feelings toward education (psychological impact). 
• If we have positive experiences, we are more likely to enjoy our schooling and develop a love of learning.
• Emotions can also make group work run much more smoothly (social impact). 
• However, we need to keep in mind that learning sometimes requires confusion and frustration when we are learning difficult but necessary concepts (cognitive impact).

Both statements, A print-rich environment in a primary classroom is essential for the language development of children and Emotions play an important role in learning are separate from each other.

Hence, we can conclude that the right answer to this question is Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Education has to be related to life at all points in response to the variety of forces that affect it. Education, therefore, cannot be regarded as an isolated activity. The school has to provide an idealistic vision of social life, reflecting within it all the worthwhile major activities that make up the life of any community.

Key Points

• Community resources are used to strengthen schools, facilities, and student learning. As part of the larger community, schools and other programs fulfil important community goals. 
• When schools and communities work together, both are strengthened in synergistic ways and make gains that outpace what either entity could accomplish on its own.
• Community participation involves Parent-teacher associations, Self-help groups, etc.

Parent-teacher association:

• Parent-teacher association is a formal community partnership.
• One of the major objectives of parent-teacher cooperation is to bring the community nearer to the school through consultation, and a variety of jointly organised and shared programmes.
• Over the past 100 years, it has been consistently demonstrated that effectively involving parents and families in support of children and their education produces meaningful and lasting results.

Self-help groups:

• Self-help groups are formal community partnerships.
• SHG is a group of 10-20 members who voluntarily associate themselves with common concerns, mainly to eradicate poverty. All the members agree on common savings, generate a common fund and utilize the same for their credit needs through management.

From the above points, we can conclude that statement I is correct regarding community participation.

The term ‘knowledge’ is used in a variety of ways. Scheffler (1999) mentions three ways of using knowledge:

• Knowledge supported by a psychological conviction,
• Procedural knowledge, and
• Acquaintance knowledge.

Knowledge can be an expression of a psychological conviction. For example, ​

• One may say, “I knew there would be a dust storm and there was one.” Another kind is procedural knowledge, or “know-how” or the ability to do something.
• You know how to drive a car or you know the car route from Delhi to Meerut city. Another kind of knowledge is acquaintance knowledge or familiarity.

Knowledge is a result of many processes like knowing, perceiving, thinking, remembering, reflecting, observing, finding out, inferring, proving, and so on.  Knowledge has three elements which are:

• existence of a group of ideas and phenomena,
• these ideas and phenomena correspond to things which exist,
• the correspondence is supported by beliefs.

Human being has traversed an arduous path in trying to arrive at reliable knowledge. Human being’s efforts over several centuries to obtain knowledge have improved and depended on these sources of knowledge to understand the world around and solve his problems. These sources of knowledge are: 

• life experience,
• social customs and traditions,
• authority,
• deductive and inductive reasoning,
• scientific method,
• social inquiry method.

From the above, we can conclude that New knowledge is acquired through experience and searching for new meanings.